Mtn Nigeria: Telecommunication

Mtn Nigeria: Telecommunication MTN Nigeria is a surely understand media transmission industry outfitted towards managing all part of media transmission infrastructural advancement as it concerns GSM rollout. MTN Nigeria has its focal head quarter in South African. MTN was joined in Nigeria February 2001 as the principal none indigenous Telecommunication Company in the territories of GSM advancements. They have enthusiasm for greatness. Worldwide System for Mobile correspondence (GSM) is a computerized versatile communication framework that is broadly utilized everywhere throughout the world. GSM is generally utilized instead of all different remote communication advances among which are TDMA (Time division numerous entrance), CDMA (Code division various access). This uses a variety of time division numerous entrance (TDMA). MTN Nigeria GSM framework works at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz recurrence band. In todays exceptionally serious business condition among broadcast communications organizations in Nigeria, MTN as association realize that Change Management is basic to their upper hand and long haul achievement and endurance. This reality have made MTN to contribute immense assets on figuring and actualizing hierarchical change for their prosperity endurance and simultaneously putting colossal assets in preparing of their workers (both administration and lower-level staffs) on the information on Change the executives. As Tofler A. expressed in the ilearn module (2010), module03, unit1, page2, There is just a single steady today and that is change is unavoidable for a fruitful business accomplishment. In view of this prominent statement, MTN Nigeria embraced a change program, MTN Nigeria Project office was extended to become Capital Programs Group (CPG) inside the most recent five years. Assortment of materials on the development of Project Office to Capital Programs bunch was done through close to home contact with top administration levels, Program Managers, Managers, Engineers, course material applicable materials from the web. MTN STRUCTURE PRIOR TO ENLARGEMENT OF PROJECT OFFICE TO CAPITAL PROGRAMS GROUP (CHANGE Program) As prior referenced MTN Nigeria has enthusiasm for greatness in territories like, Acquiring and holding clients, Developing Implementing Market Strategies, Stimulating expanded use of items and administrations, Generating income, Retaining Customers, Stimulating utilization Research. . Before the amplification of their task office, MTN Nigeria has just a single specialized unit that administer all their system rollout activity support exercises. This includes numerous divisions as appeared underneath. System Implementation Division System Programs Unit System Project Management System Operation Division System Intelligent Building Support Services NMC Operation System Access Division System Quality Confirmation RF Planning Unit Remote Bearer Services RF/BT S Operations TX Planning Unit System Group Figure I: Structure of MTN Network bunch before the change program usage. The different divisions execute any given errand as specified by the association. Enormous quantities of destinations manufactured was redundant in light of the fact that the requirement for development was at this point to emerge. Rebuilding OF PROJECT OFFICE TO CAPITAL PROGRAMS GROUP (CHANGE Program) MTN Nigeria having built up their vision and statement of purpose, Vision: To be the main supplier of media transmission benefits in Nigeria with a strategic give top of the line organize quality, client support and worth. Statement of purpose is To be an impetus for Nigeria financial development and improvement ,releasing Nigeria solid advancement possibilities not just through the arrangement of world class correspondence yet additionally through creative and feasible corporate social duty activities To have the option to leave up this desire get together with the new difficulties related with GSM organizations inside Nigeria past. After the finish of the monetary years 2003, the CEO top administration officials of MTN Nigeria thought of new structure that is esteemed to ease and quicken organize extension quality all through the league. New divisions were risen, work obligations changed, new areas were made, new administrators were named by organization arrangements. The new structure that was made is Capital Programs Group, CPG works in association with different specialized providers and applies broad venture the board abilities to rollout all components of MTN GSM system to the best expectations. The Department is contained the accompanying Units: Coordinations Center and Fiber Implementation Site Build Rollout BTS/Transmission/3G Upgrade System Rollout Program Support The making of the new divisions gave the organization better perceivability in overseeing and turning out of a superior system framework in the regions of 2G 3G systems at an extremely rapid to get together with the current interest for clients desire, and furthermore created genuine income increment in supporters base to generally 30,000 million. Interior EXTERNAL DRIVERS FOR CHANGE: Presentation MTN Nigeria came into the nation not foreseeing that the populace as far as their supporters base will truly increment following 3-4 years of activity. The rate at which call drop happens got flighty. MTN Nigeria required more locales to fill the dead spots that achieve the high pace of call drop. The difficulties on GSM innovation development is truly expanding in Nigeria. There is requirement for new innovation headway and new plans of action. This is a basic way wherein top level administration, program directors their subordinates needs to center in accomplishing a superior profitability. MTN direct a study through representatives and expert after the 2003 monetary year finishing with the beginning for the CEO and top administration. Regarding ilearn module (2010), module03, unit1, exercise 1, page2 inside outside drives for change in MTN, the accompanying elements are the essential drivers of MTN authoritative change. Quick innovation propels. Frail business execution Poor consumer loyalty High pace of task disappointment Absence of development Mergers acquisitions Collective association models Redistributing More prominent spryness in clients responsiveness New plans of action Quick TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT This is a huge driver for authoritative change. Fast advancement in innovation roused for innovation development in MTN Nigeria. The expansion in new innovation progression in GSM industry in Nigeria offered ascend to the requirement for gear overhaul so as to incorporate the old supplies that might be old soon with the new types of gear. This was considered by the change operators so as to get together with the new innovation required to make them not to confront a decreasing piece of the pie to contenders lose capital contributed, in particular realize a decrease in their CAPEX capital use to a sensible worth. POOR CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Because of the high volume of traffic been conveyed my MTN, clients began encountering low quality of administration which offered ascend to extraordinary number of call drops, limit clog, soft tone quality, insufficient inclusion zone. Clients couldn't appreciate the genuine advantage of GSM utilizing MTN Nigeria network.MTN saw the need and acted in that line to abstain from losing their client base to different contenders. Powerless BUSINESS PERFORMANCE There is an apparent danger from clients in regards to the exhibition of the MTN arrange. When MTN began in Nigeria numerous individuals were in anxious to buy MTN sim card and different items that meets clients desire. There was high pace of item securing from clients inside and close to the neighboring nations. The interest for sim cards became significantly increased it became evident that the current system limit cannot deal with the interest for lines. The rate at which organize rollouts were done couldn't get together with the new testing factors. This added to an extraordinary lose in their income age. HIGH RATE OF PROJECT FALIURE The rate at which venture disappointment happens inside the task office gave a worry to the whole administration, this added to low number of locales turned out per quarter yearly. There was no nearby management of site construct temporary workers (SBCs) in other to accomplish the ideal quality on region of the foundations. The presentation of turnkey arrangement not appropriately oversaw likewise added to the disappointment, site construct temporary workers having lacking assets to fund their different undertakings. Absence OF INNOVATION Undertaking office was comprised of Engineers Project directors who are pioneers of MTN from South Africa. This gathering of individuals are exile who works without procedures and methods, there was no set down methodology. Practically all undertakings where taken care of and small scale oversaw by them, this brought forth having the greater part of the site construct contractual worker been none indigenous organizations. Undertakings turned out to be moderate on account of lacking labor to work and handle different allocated works. NEW BUSSINESS MODEL There is requirement for MTN Nigeria to grasp new plans of action. The lacking Transmission limit turned into a thwarting element as far as receiving new plans of action that will be benefitting to the organization. Before the rebuilding of the task office to capital projects bunches new plans of action like giving E1 answers for clients couldnt be accomplished. Yet, after the rebuilding MTN Nigeria began giving E1 answers for different banks ventures in the nation which likewise expanded their income. MERGER ACQUSATIONS When MTN Nigeria blended and combined activities with VGC correspondences constrained at some point in October 2006, critical reengineering occurred. To adjust the administration destinations rebuilding was the fundamental drive in this factor. The combination of MTN and VGC made a significant test in smoothing out and reconciliation of existing satellite activities structure. After the merger procurement, som

The whole towns sleeping Essay Example

The entire towns dozing Paper All through this paper I mean to investigate the viability of the diverse account styles utilized in the two short stories, A Terribly Strange Bed and The Whole Towns Sleeping. The narratives were expounded on one hundred years separated, The Whole Towns Sleeping in 1950 and A Terribly Strange Bed, a lot prior in 1856. This implies not exclusively will the depiction of the tales change dependent on the individual styles of composing of the writers yet in addition the social history of the hours of composing will be very extraordinary. A Terribly Strange Bed is a story written in the principal individual account, which implies it is composed as an individual record of the occasions inside the story from the perspective of the primary character. It is typically composed as a character reviewing the story to another person after the occasions have occurred. The Whole Towns Sleeping then again is a story written as an outsider looking in account which implies it is composed from the perspective of an imperceptible observer who has no impact in the genuine story. It is composed as the occasions occur and is a lot of like a fly on the divider sort of point of view. The layout of the story in The Whole Towns Sleeping is that there is a quality of strain working in a humble community as a man nicknamed the forlorn one is circumventing murdering ladies But the others choked four of them, their tongues standing out of their mouths, they state. The fundamental subject of the story is about the responses and sentiments of three lady women as they stroll through the town in the corner of night to visit the film. We will compose a custom article test all in all towns dozing explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test in general towns dozing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test in general towns dozing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The pressure and dread of the story is expanded as the ladies discover the body of a companion who has been missing, Eliza Ramsell, and their reaction isn't to come back to the wellbeing of their homes, however is to proceed with their arrangements to stroll on, to the film. The women even mock the counsel of the police to get back following the film appearing and wind up strolling through the town at 12 PM when about the various inhabitants are securely secured up their homes snoozing. The peak of the story comes when the women need to separate as they arrive at their individual homes and Lavinia Nebbs is left to walk the most recent five minutes alone through the profound, profound and dark, dark gorge. The story closes with a wind as Lavinia at last arrives at the wellbeing of being inside her home. A Terribly Strange Bed is an anecdote about a card shark who visits, as rogue a spot, by all regard, as you ought to ever wish to see. This is a grimy betting house where the subject of the story has an astounding run of good karma and is sufficiently blessed to use up every last cent. While playing he is become a close acquaintence with by a fairly dubious example of an old warrior. This trooper later gets the subject alcoholic and leads him to a room where the horribly bizarre bed is arranged. As the subject attempts to rest he becomes mindful that the bed he is lying on is shutting downward on him, taking steps to choke out him. He just figures out how to escape with his life, by moving from the moving bed and going out by means of his window and afterward descending a water pipe into the road beneath. The plots of the two stories are very extraordinary yet the subjects of making an air of dread and pressure are fundamentally the same as. In the two stories there is a hero who is overbearing and who is comrade of themselves and the moves that they take. They don't tune in to their friends and dont acknowledge counsel quite well. Be that as it may, the strain of the two stories is created in very various styles. In The Whole Towns Sleeping there is a moderate collection of numerous occasions each adding to the pressure before the peak is arrived at when Lavinia, the hero, crosses the gorge. Conversely, in A Terribly Strange Bed there isnt as much develop of pressure and less occasions occur before the second when the rival endeavors murder on the hero. Be that as it may, there is a more noteworthy utilization of language and lingo making the story as long as The Whole Towns Sleeping, yet less occupied. From the very beginning there are pieces of information regarding what the tales are around, A Terribly Strange Bed begins to assemble an upsetting climate with an itemized portrayal of the betting house which the hero and his companion visit. Expressions like,here there was only catastrophe and the exhibition was something to sob over, proposes an ideal setting for damage to come upon the character. The utilization of these expressions in the principal individual shows both supposition and feeling. This is a successful method of laying the right foundation in light of the fact that a picture of a filthy, faintly lit live with seriously dressed, bristly tramps sitting and inclining toward dividers is promptly tossed into the brain of the peruser, making a feeling of anxiety. In The Whole Towns Sleeping the main trace of dread is recommended by the title of the film the women are to go to Welcome, Danger!

Fact Essay Topics - How to Choose the Best Topic For Your Final Project Essay

Fact Essay Topics - How to Choose the Best Topic For Your Final Project EssayWhen writing a final fact essay it is important to make sure that the topic of the final project is unique. There are some topics which will suit different people and there are others which are suited for certain groups of people. What this means is that you will need to look at the topic you want to write about carefully.It is possible to search for topics, but what many students find really helpful is the use of online forums. The more information you have on a particular topic the better chance you have of writing the best possible fact topic. It also means that it is easier to write if you know what the topics are first. This way you will be sure to give a unique and personal essay.You will need to have an idea of what the topic of the final project will be before you start to write. This is vital because the topic you choose will influence the type of the final project. This can be as simple as choosing a different theme or going with a different subject. However, there are other factors too, which will affect the project including the theme, author and submitter, length of time, etc.You can think about whether you want to focus on one aspect of the project or whether you want to combine a few aspects into one project. For example, you may decide to focus on a particular author. This can be a great idea if you have already read a number of his books or if you have already read a number of his articles. However, if you want to tackle a more general topic, you may have to write a number of essays, which should still tell a relevant and personal story.There are various methods that you can use to choose the best fact topic. Some of these include finding out as much information as possible about the topic you are thinking of writing about. Using an internet search engine to help you locate the information you need is a good starting point. By using an article directory, you can be sur e to get as much information as possible, including the topics and authors you want to write about.Some other methods include going through forums or blogs related to the topic you are considering writing about. Again, you can find out about the subjects and authors you wish to write about by using an internet search engine. By doing this you can create a list of the topics that you have chosen. Using this list as a basis, you can now go back and look at the articles and web content, which deal with that topic, and begin writing your own project around those topics.It can be very useful to talk to people who have worked on a project which is similar to yours. By talking to other students or members of staff, you can get ideas that will improve your project. This could be in the form of writing a blog post, or offering to help them with the submission process. This will allow you to choose the best topic and to make sure that the final project has all the information that you need.

The Roman Empire Essay - 2154 Words

Kevin Paltoo EUH 1000 Mr. Rogers 04/10/2010 The Lex Oppia was a law established in ancient Rome in 215 BC, at the height of the Second Punic War during the days of national catastrophe after the Battle of Cannae. This law was designed to limit the rights of women. The law was also passed to tap into wealthy women fortunes by the state in order to pay for the costs of the war. This law basically stripped the rights of women. Marcus Porcius Cato also known as the censor is one of the statesmen that supported the Lex Oppia law. Marcus Porcius Cato was one of the statesmen who reject repealing the Lex Oppia law. Cato stated â€Å" If each of us, citizens, had determined to assert his rights and dignity as a husband with respect to his own†¦show more content†¦The Romans were more interested in practical matters of law, governance, and military strategy than they were in philosophy and art. But for Cicero to really use philosophy effectively, he needed to make it accessible to a Roman audience. He did this in part by translating Greek works into Latin, including inventing Latin words where none seemed suitable for Greek concepts (including the Latin words which give us the English words morals, property, individual, science, image, and appetite), and in part by drawing on and idealizing Roman history to provide examples of appropriate conduct and to illustrate the arguments of philosophy. He also summarized in Latin many of the beliefs of the primary Greek philosophical schools of the time. Cicero grew up in a time of civil unrest and war. Sulla’s victory in the first of many civil wars led to a new constitutional framework that undermined liberty which was the fundamental value of the Roman Republic. Nonetheless, Sulla’s reforms strengthened the position of the equestrian class, contributing to that class’s growing political power. Cicero undermined his efforts in preserving the Roman constitution as which he felt was being contaminated by optimates. The consequence of this was that Cicero was exile from Rome because of these actions. Tiberius Gracchus was a Roman politician. As a plebeian tribune, his reforms of agrarian legislation caused political turmoil in the Republic.Show MoreRelatedThe Roman And Roman Empire1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Empire, which was centered in the city of Rome, was the most extensive western civilization of ancient times. With its major advancements and prosperity it is hard to believe that the Roman Empire suddenly collapsed and fell into a time known as the Dark Ages. After a period of struggles for the Roman E mpire, the empire gradually fell. Rome was the most successful civilization of its time. Its strategic location in the center of the Italian Peninsula and the fertile plains that supportedRead MoreThe Roman Of Roman Empire Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages The Roman scutum was a large body shield used in battles, sieges, and gladiator fights. The scutum was used from the early Roman Republic until the third century CE and helped to define many of the Roman battle tactics that made them so successful. The curved, semi-cylindrical design provided full-body protection and was especially used in the testudo formation during sieges. The Roman Scutum is a perfect example of the military genius of the Roman Legion. The Roman Empire was created from theRead MoreThe Roman Empire1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Roman Empire. The Roman way of life and â€Å"Pax Romana† set up a standard of what defined civilization great. However, what was it that made the Roman life great? Was it the rules, the system of government, the virtues of the people? I believe what made the Romans so mighty was a blessing from God due to the outpouring revival of their hearts. However, to fully understand how their hearts were revived for Christ and how God had His hand on them we must take a look at the past of the Romans AfterRead MoreRoman Empire871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire is known as one of the greatest empires of all time, blossoming politically, economically, and culturally. Rome was quickly expanding, reaching as far as North Africa. When Octavian came into power, the Pax Romana, or â€Å"Roman Peace,† began. However, this long peace may have triggered the beginning of the end of the Roman Empire. Because Rome was not distracted by conquering foreign lands, its citizens relaxed and lived in luxury. There did not seem to be any goals they did notRead MoreThe Roman Empire And The Romans1815 Words   |  8 PagesIn Roman history, it is often true that history was written by the victors, and given the large expansion of the Roman Empire, the Romans likely wrote over the accounts of the civilizations they took over, adapting the new provinces into their way of life and assimilating Roman culture into new facets of outlying territories way of life. The Roman Empire and Aug ustus had the ambition to expand north, going east of the Rhine where they had never gone, to take over new territory and the tribes thatRead MoreThe Roman Empire1551 Words   |  7 PagesStep 1: Plan What kind of technology in the Roman Empire affect its growth the most? I will be investigating from the start of the Roman Empire in 753 BCE to when the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE. This investigation will have a broad scope while investigating and include things from the Roman Legion to aqueducts and concrete. This investigation will not include technology that was not widely used to better the Roman Empire. The research question will answer my question by conducting researchRead MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pages The Roman Empire, arguably one of the greatest civilizations to have ever ruled here on earth. The story is that it was founded by two brothers, Romulus and Remus, sons of Mars, the God of war, and raised by a she-wolf. After killing his brother for crossing his wall, Romulus went on to become the first king of Rome, which was named for him. Later when the men of Rome wanted noble women to be the mothers of their children, they conceived of a plan that included deceiving the Sabin’s and kidnappingRead MoreThe Roman Empire912 Words   |  4 PagesPaper B To many people, the mention of the Roman Empire invokes thoughts of gladiators, debauchery, and the abuse of power. To others, it brings visualizations of classic statues, beautiful temples, and mythological gods. The Roman Empire was all of that and more. The saying, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day† is true and its fall and decline happened gradually as well. Ancient Rome has inspired volumes of historical works, theatrical plays, and even movies in more recent times. More specifically,Read MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagesvictory. Romulus’s story influenced many Romans but, what really happened was Romans were under Etruscan rule for many years as slaves until the Romans rebelled and overthrew their masters. Romans were discouraged by Greece thinking Rome would be easily swept away. Rome was attacked by many barbaric tribes including fighting a war with the Etruscans but triumphed again and again. Rome started with nothing and worked it s way to the top, as nothing could break the Roman spirit, and their drive to dominateRead MoreThe Roman Empire903 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the greatest empires in history is the Roman Empire, but ironically what makes it one of the greatest is also what lead it to start falling apart. In other words, many different factors lead Rome to its success and prosperity, but these factors also are the ones that initialize the ruin of the republic. Different authors such as Polybius, Cicero, Sallust and Plutarch describe several of these factors that lead the Roman Empire to its glory and failure. Polybius relates Rome’s success to its

Individual Moralities, Social Responsibilities and...

In the essay by J.S. Mill, â€Å"Of the Limits to the Authority of Society over the Individual,† he claims that â€Å"No person ought to be punished for simply being drunk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the build up to this conclusion, he offers several explanations for his reasoning, which include individual morality and responsibility, public interference and establishing precisely where authority over an individual beings for the society. As an individual within a society, you become obliged to follow certain codes of conduct, regardless of your own individual morals. To maintain a harmonious balance within a society, each person must behave within a certain code of conduct towards the rest of the individuals and the society as a whole. Although the â€Å"code† does not ask individuals to change their own morals, it does ask that they not injure the interests or rights of others. One must also realize that their morals may differ from that of another individual. Although they may practice their right of freedom by living according to their own morals and beliefs, they must still attempt to live within this social code of conduct. Furthermore, it becomes the responsibility of one’s self to ensure they are respecting the benefits given to them as a part of the society. As Mill says, â€Å"Everyone who receives the protection of society owes a return for the benefit.† (16) This can be achieved in various ways, such as returning good deeds, and acting in good faith towards the society. Unfortunately, it is often muchShow MoreRelatedSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 PagesSubpoenas or Other Legal Process 98 XII. DISCIPLINARY ACTION AND VIOLATIONS OF THE CODE 98 XIV. APPLICATION/WAIVERS 100 XV. TO REPORT AN ETHICS VIOLATION 101 2.63- Many professional and industries association’s code of ethics: 102 RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PROFESSIONAL: 102 3.0- CONCLUSION: 105 4.0-REFFERENCES 106 1.0- JOHN STEINER AND GEORGE STEINER SIX PRIMARY SOURCES OF ETHICS: Six primary sources have been identified in the American business area by ethics scholarsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesenough reasons. You applied this principle when you asked Juanita why she thought it best to leave. Similarly, if you expect people to accept your own conclusion, then its your responsibility to give them reasons they can appreciate. If you expect people to accept your own conclusion, then its your responsibility to give them reasons they can appreciate. Lets examine that last remark. A conclusion backed up by one or more reasons in any order is called an argument, even when the reasoner

Irony of Earthly Power Essay Example For Students

Irony of Earthly Power Essay People live life wanting everything they cant afford. Millions of Americans idealize famous movie actors and musicians, and wish to aspire to that degree of wealth. Many people are envious of such billionaires as Bill Gates, and tell themselves they could have done that. Everyone wants to be rich. They feel that if they had all the money they wanted, they could truly be happy. The truth is that money and riches really dont bring anyone an unsurpassable or measureless amount of happiness. For example, winners of the Powerball lottery game may seem to have found happiness, but on a recent Oprah show they told of their extreme depression, and even the debt that money cost them. In fact, being rich or powerful brings just the opposite of happiness. It brings depression, and a legacy of nothingness. One example of this is seen in Percy Bysshe Shelleys Ozymandias. A traveler was talking with the speaker of the poem, and describing his recent journey to an antique land. (1)1 The traveler tells of a statue, erected for the King2. But now, that statue is half sunk, a shattered visage lies . (4) Clearly, the King the statue was created for no longer reigns, neither here on earth nor in human minds. In Shelleys poem, the traveler describes the characteristics of the King very well, and implies his unhappiness. whose frown,/and wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command (4-5) could only be attributes of a deeply unhappy man. Even power over slaves did not delight him. The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed (8) on the toils of the slaves did not bring him joy. The King may have been powerful, but that power evidently did not bring him pleasure. Perhaps the greatest proof that riches and power did not bring the King immense happiness is his decrepit statue. His message to the world is ironic in itself. Look on my works, Ye mighty, and despair!/Nothing beside remains . (11-12) Perhaps Ozymandias can be taken two ways. One way could be a threat to anyone who dares to claim themselves the king of kings . (10) Ozymandias perhaps was stating to those men Look at my success. No one can ever surpass this success! The irony is that Ozymandias success is now nothing. Nothing remains but his words. The face of his statue is broken, just like his legacy. Or perhaps Ozymandias statement is one everyone should head. Perhaps he is saying, Look at what my success has become: nothing. Despair mortals, for earthly success is always nothingness. Ozymandias message could be the moral for his story. Because only his words remain, and nothing but, people should take in his advice. Power and prestige does not equate fame or prosperity. Another important example of how earthly riches bring nothing is in Thomas Hardys The Convergence of the Twain3. Because he starts his poem with Lines on the Loss of the Titanic (1)4, it immediately tells the reader what to expect. His firsts stanza tells of the ship now, how it sits calmly at the bottom of the ocean, .. deep from human vanity. (3) He implies that the only escape from power and riches is by lying unnoticed at the bottom of the ocean. Throughout the poem, Hardy goes back and forth between the materialistic, high-class society that boarded the ship and those that house themselves there now. Over the mirrors meant/To glass the opulent/The sea-worm crawls (8-10) is one example of this. The mirrors, once golden and glowing with the faces of rich, beautiful men and women, now reflect the ugliness of the undersea world. Even the ornate jewelry that this society adorned themselves with have become nothing more than homes for sea algae. Jewels in joy designed/to ravish lie lightless, all their sparkle bleared and black and blind. (11-13) Those jewels are no longer the shining, glimmering trimmings of a wealthy society. They now are blurry, blackened spheres of a time long passed. Hardy prepares for us a rhetorical question, and one that proves to be the most important line of the entire piece: What does this vaingloriousness down here?'

Major Medical Center Case Study

Red flags raised in the opinion letter External auditors play the role in providing independent opinion on the true and fair view of the financial statements of an organization. Reflectively, â€Å"an auditor’s opinion can either be unqualified, qualified, adverse, or disclaimer† (Finkler 2010, p. 25). The opinions are arrived at after reviewing the financial statements of the organization. The reviews are carried out on a sample basis.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Major Medical Center Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It reviews the standards applied when preparing the financial statements. The auditors have the opinion that financial statements of an organization, the results of the operations, changes in net assets and cash flows presented fairly in all material, respects the true financial position of the company. They further give the view that the statements are in conformity wit h the GAAP. Despite the favorable comments, the auditors do not give a straight unqualified opinion on the true and fair view of the financial position of the organization though there are no major concerns raised in opinion letter. This could raise concern on the financial condition of the organization (Finkler, 2010). Review of the financial statements Upon review of the statement of the financial position, it was observed that the Center had amount due from the third part reimbursement program amounting to $6,539,000 in 2012. This amount was not present in 2011. Further, long term investment increased from $618,000 to $1,132,000. Further, the amount of accrued salaries and accrued expenses increased from $20,096,000 to $25,572,000. Further, inventory and pledges receivable declined by close to 50%. These are major areas of concern. Review of statement of the operation reveals that there was a decline in the amount of interest expense from $5,253,000 to $4,456,000 despite the incr ease in the amount of long term debt. Further, increase in unrestricted net assets increased from $897,000 to $2,568,000. In the cash flow statement, operating income increased from $751,000 in 2011 to $2,429,000 to 2012. Review of notes to financial statement In general, notes to financial statements is expected to provide details of amounts reported in the financial reports. The notes also â€Å"give additional information on amounts that are not reported in the financial statements† (Finkler 2010, p. 31). The notes to financial statements does not give detailed explanations on significant changes in the financial statements highlighted above.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the notes on third party reimbursement programs does not give details and a breakdown of the amount involved I the program. On property, plant and equipment, the notes do not give details of the amount of depreciation for each category of assets. Also, the notes to financial statements do not give details of the amount in excess of $1,900,000. This could create an indication of fraud. The notes did not provide the makeup of other income amounting to $731,000 in 2012 and $1,566,000 in 2011. Finally, the notes to financial statements do not provide an estimation of the amount of contingent liability from the litigation cases. It is necessary to have such information to enable he organization plan adequately for the loss (Finkler, 2010). Analysis of financial status The common size financial statements revealed some areas which require some in depth investigation. Examples of the items that require investigation are receivables for government grants, the amount due to third-party reimbursement programs, net assets released from restrictions, operating income and increases in unrestricted net assets. These areas changed significantly from 2011 to 2012. A review of these balances needs to be done so as to ensure that the changes can be supported (Finkler, 2010). Liquidity ratios or the company were relatively favorable. Both current and quick ratios were greater than one. This implies that the institution is in a position to pay the current obligation using current assets. However, the liquidity position of the company declined from 2011 to 2012. The efficiency ratios for the company are relatively fair. For instance, accounts receivable turnover increase from 7.76 to 8.10. Fixed asset turnover ranged between 4.12 and 4.09. Total asset turnover ranged between 2.10 and 2.05. Considering the nature of the organization, the level of activity of the organization is fairly high. Times interest earned ratio shows the ability of the organization to pay for the cost of borrowing funds using earnings before interest and taxes. Times interest earned ratio for the two years is less than one. This implies that the Center cannot pay for the interest exp ense. However, the value increased from 0.14 to 0.55.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Major Medical Center Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It gives a bad indication to potential debt providers. Profitability of the Center is relatively low. The total margin of the institution ranged between 1.88% and 5.17%. Return on assets were quite low at 0.51% and 1.31%. Also, return on net assets ranged between 0.92% and 2.5%. It is evident that the profitability of the institution increased between 2011 and 2012. The low profitability can be attributed to the fact that the medical center is not a profit making institution. Therefore, it is evident that ratio analysis gives an in depth view of the financial statement of the center (Eugene Michael, 2009). References Eugene, B., Michael, J. (2009). Financial management theory and practice. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. Finkler, A. (2010). Financial manag ement for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. This report on Major Medical Center Case Study was written and submitted by user Haiden Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Enzyme Carbohydrate and Biolsci 210 ‐b

Essay Enzyme Carbohydrate and Biolsci 210 †b Essay Enzyme: Carbohydrate and Biolsci 210 †b Enzymes: How can antibodies be used to treat cocaine overdoses? What cocaine? Proteins are chains of aminoisacids An alkaloid metabolite found in the leaves of Erythroxylon coca Blocks removal of dopamine from synapses in the reward pathway of the central nervous system BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 2 Cocaine is of amino our bodies by hydrolysis Proteins are chains degraded inacids Hydrolysis of cocaine yields two biologically inactive products +H2O BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 3 (Bio)chemical reactions progress through transition states (TS) Proteins are chains of amino acids BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 4 Transition chains of amino acids Proteins are states are often different from reactant and products How is cocaine different from its transition state in hydrolysis? Transition state analog (TSA) BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 5 Proteins are chains ofWhat are acids amino antibodies? Antibody (Ab) is a large Y†shaped protein produced by B†cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects Antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target, called an antigen Is this a tertiary or quaternary structure? BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 6 Production of chains of amino acids Proteins areantibodies can be induced by injection of specific antigens immunize with antigen obtain antibody specific for antigen BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 7 Discussion: How do antibodies help Proteins are chains of amino acidsprevent cocaine overdose? immunize with cocaine challenge with excess cocaine dies from overdose immunize with cocaine TSA challenge with excess cocaine survives 5 min BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 8 Stabilization of transition state leads Proteins are chains of amino acids to lower activation energy BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 9 Enzymes catalyzes reactions by binding to and stabilizing TS Proteins are chains of amino acids BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 10 Enzymes are highly specific Proteins are chains of amino acids catalysts Enzyme = a protein (or RNA) that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction Catalyst = enhances reaction rate without being consumed in the reaction BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 11 Proteins are chainsMost drugs inhibit enzymes of amino acids FDA orange book 1278 chemical entities approved for therapeutic use in the US 317 drugs act as enzyme inhibitors 78 target enzymes human 48 bacterial 13 viral 5 fungal 4 protozoal 1 fda.gov/cder/orange/obreadme.htm When the first print edition of Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations was being prepared October 1980, staff members had to choose a color for the cover. The project manager suggested, â€Å"It's almost Halloween. How about orange?† BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 12 Enzyme inhibitors are among Proteins are chains of amino acids the top 20 drugs Prescribed 1. Lipitor 2. Zocor 6. Nexium 11. Celebrex 17. Pravachol 20. Prevacid Enzyme Target HMG†CoA reductase HMG†CoA reductase Proton pump Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX†2) HMG†CoA reductase Proton pump 2004 sales $10.9 billion $5.2 billion $3.9 billion $3.3 billion $2.6 billion $2.6 billion COX†1 and COX†2 100,000 tons Over†the†counter Aspirin ~30% of approved drugs are enzyme inhibitors Understanding principles of enzyme inhibition has practical consequences BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 13 HIV of amino acids Proteins are chains maturation requires proteases HIV proteins are made as polyproteins, which are then processed by HIV protease to form individual, functional proteins BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 14 ProteinsDiscussion: How do HIV protease inhibitors function? are chains of amino acids 5 min Indinavir Amprenavir Saquinavir Ritonavir Nelfinavir BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 15

Assessment Of For And As Learning Essay Example for Free

Assessment Of For And As Learning Essay Assessment of learning refers to strategies designed to confirm what students know, demonstrate whether or not they have met curriculum outcomes or the goals of their individualized programs, or to certify proficiency and make decisions about students’ future programs or placements. It is designed to provide evidence of achievement to parents, other educators, the students themselves, and sometimes to outside groups (e. g. , employers, other educational institutions). Assessment of learning is the assessment that becomes public and results in statements or symbols about how well students are learning. It often contributes to pivotal decisions that will affect students’ futures. It is important, then, that the underlying logic and measurement of assessment of learning be credible and defensible. Teachers’ Roles in Assessment of Learning Because the consequences of assessment of learning are often far-reaching and affect students seriously, teachers have the responsibility of reporting student learning accurately and fairly, based on evidence obtained from a variety of contexts and applications. Effective assessment of learning requires that teachers provide  ?a rationale for undertaking a particular assessment of learning at a particular point in time ?clear descriptions of the intended learning ?processes that make it possible for students to demonstrate their competence and skill ?a range of alternative mechanisms for assessing the same outcomes ?public and defensible reference points for making judgments ? Transparent approaches to interpretation ?descriptions of the assessment process ?strategies for recourse in the event of disagreement about the decisions With the help of their teachers, students can look forward to assessment of learning tasks as  occasions to show their competence, as well as the depth and breadth of their learning. ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING Assessment for learning focuses on engaging students in classroom assessment in support of their own learning and informing teachers about what to do next to help students to progress. Assessment for learning is assessment for improvement not assessment for accountability as can be the case with summative assessments (Stiggins, 2002). The keys to Assessment for Learning (AFL) is to use a variety of assessment tools and methods in order to provide ongoing evidence to students, teachers and parents that demonstrates how  well each student is mastering the identified outcomes. This evidence is used to provide descriptive feedback to the students and to enable the teacher to differentiate the instruction to meet the needs of individual students or groups. ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING VS. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Gregory, Cameron, and Davies (1997) outline some distinct differences between Assessment for Learning and Assessment of Learning. Educators are using these terms to help distinguish between the teacher’s role as a learning coach versus the teacher’s role of judging the extent of a student’s achievement in relation to an established standard. This assessment is considered summative and is done at the end. 1. Assessment for learning is the big deal, while assessment of learning is the done deal. 2. Assessment for learning is formative, while assessment of learning is summative. 3. Assessment for learning is supportive, while assessment of learning measures. 4. Assessment for learning uses descriptions, while assessment of learning uses scores. 5. Assessment for learning happens day by day, moment by moment, while assessment of learning happens at the end. The assertion is that neither one is better than the other, but both need to be used within a  students learning so that the student is able to understand not only the work that is being asked of them, but also how their own learning occurs. Assessment for learning is intended to be both diagnostic and formative to help students improve their learning. Four critical questions that the teacher must ask when planning for assessment for learning: WHY AM I ASSESSING? If the intent of assessment is to enhance student learning teachers use assessment for learning to uncover what students believe to be true and to learn more about the connections students are making, their prior knowledge, preconceptions, gaps, and learning styles. This information is used to inform and differntiate instruction to build on what students already know and to challenge students when their are problems inhibiting progression to the next stages of learning. Teachers use this information to provide their students with descriptive feedback that will further their learning and not as a sumamtive assessment or to report a grade. WHAT AM I ASSESSING? Assessment for learning requires ongoing assessment of the outcomes that comprise the intended learning. In most cases these are the curriculum outcomes. Teachers create assessments that will  expose students’ thinking and skills in relation to the intended learning, and the common preconceptions. WHAT ASSESSMENT METHOD SHOULD I USE? When planning assessment for learning, the teacher must think about what assessment is designed to expose, and must decide which assessment approaches are most likely to give detailed information about what each student is thinking and learning. The methods need to incorporate a variety of ways for students to demonstrate their learning. For example, having students complete tasks orally or through visual representation allow those who are struggling  with reading or writing to demonstrate their learning. HOW CAN I USE THE INFORMA%ON? The information collected in assessment for learning is used to report to the student and by offering descriptive, on time feedback and to provide the teacher with information to allow for changes in instruction for individual students or groups of students. ASSESSMENT AS LEARNING Assessment as learning occurs when students are their own assessors. Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and  how to use assessment for new learning. Assessment as learning: ?encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning ?requires students to ask questions about their learning ?involves teachers and students creating learning goals to encourage growth and development ?provides ways for students to use formal and informal feedback and self-assessment to help them understand the next steps in learning ?encourages peer assessment, self-assessment and reflection. ROLES This assessment model supports the view of today’s learners as actively involved in the learning process. Students are educated on the purpose of assignments and the outcomes they are trying to achieve. Hence the teacher and the student both have critical roles in understanding learning outcomes and modifying learning in Assessment as Learning. Teacher Ensuring assessment methods are appropriate and the purpose is clear to students ensures quality and fair assessment practices as per the Principles for Fair Student Assessment in Canada (1993). Beyond choosing the learning outcomes to be covered, the activities to follow and the assessment methods, in Assessment as Learning, the teacher engages the students in this process. In Assessment as Learning, the teacher is a guide, â€Å"Giving them [students] the tools to undertake their own learning wisely and well. † (WNCP, p. 42) Students learn to monitor their own learning and make adaptations as required. In addition to monitoring learning and guiding instruction through assessment for learning, the teacher is assessing the students’ ability to assess themselves as they learn how to assess their own learning. Teachers can follow the following model in order to practice Assessment as Learning in their classroom: (adapted from WNCP, p. 42-43) 1. Discuss the learning outcomes with the students. 2. Create criteria with the students for the various tasks that need to be completed and/or skills that need to be learned or mastered 3. Provide feedback to students as they learn and ask them guiding questions to help them monitor their own learning 4. Help them set goals to extend or support their learning as needed in order to meet or fully meet the expectations 5. Provide reference points and examples for the learning outcomes Teachers are also responsible for ensuring that students have a learning environment in which they feel comfortable and safe to learn as well as have ample time to practise what is being  taught. Student Beyond completing the tasks assigned to them by their teacher, students move from the passive learner to an active owner of their own learning. Initially, with teacher guidance and tools, students learn to monitor if they have understood the learning outcome being explored and the metacognitive process. Once the metacognitive skills have been acquired, students can independently adjust their learning accordingly and demonstrate the â€Å"self-reflection, self- monitoring and self-adjustment. † (WNCP, 2006, p. 85) Extensive and relevant modeling in the questions below can help students reach this point: 1. What is the purpose of learning these concepts and skills? 2. What do I know about this topic? 3. What strategies do I know that will help me learn this? 4. Am I understanding these concepts? 5. What are the criteria for improving my work? 6. Have I accomplished the goals I set for myself? What is self-assessment? According to Boud (1995), all assessment including self-assessment comprises two main elements: making decisions about the standards of performance expected and then making judgments about the quality of the performance in relation to these standards. When self-assessment is introduced, it should ideally involve students in both of these aspects. Andrade and Du (2007) provide a helpful definition of self-assessment that focuses on the formative learning that it can promote: Self-assessment is a process of formative assessment during which students reflect on and evaluate the quality of their work and their learning, judge the degree to which they reflect explicitly stated goals or criteria, identify strengths and weaknesses in their work, and revise accordingly (2007, p. 160). EXAMPLES OF SELF-ASSESSMENT Self-assessment can take many forms, including: ?writing conferences ?discussion (whole-class or small-group) ?reflection logs ?weekly self-evaluations ?self-assessment checklists and inventories ?teacher-student interviews These types of self-assessment share a common theme: they ask students to review their work to determine what they have learned and what areas of confusion still exist. Although each method differs slightly, all should include enough time for students to consider thoughtfully and evaluate their progress. When students understand the criteria for good work before they begin a literacy activity, they are more likely to meet those criteria. The key to this understanding is to make the criteria clear. As students evaluate their work, you may want them to set up their own criteria for good work. Help them with the clarity of their criteria as they assess their own work. Students’ observations and reflections can also provide valuable feedback for refining your instructional plan. As your students answer questions about their learning and the strategies they use, think about their responses to find out what they are really learning and to see if they are learning what you are teaching them. K-W-L (KNOW, WANT TO KNOW, LEARNED) CHART. K-W-L (Ogle, 1986) is an instructional reading strategy that is used to guide students through a text. Students begin by brainstorming everything they Know about a topic. This information is recorded in the K column of a K-W-L chart. Students then generate a list of questions about what they Want to Know about the topic. These questions are listed in the W column of the chart. During or after reading, students answer the questions that are in the W column. This new information that they have Learned is recorded in the L column of the K-W-L chart. Purpose The K-W-L strategy serves several purposes: Elicits students’ prior knowledge of the topic of the text. ?Sets a purpose for reading. ?Helps students to monitor their comprehension. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? Donna Ogle asserts that KWL helps students become better readers of expository text and helps teachers to be more interactive in their teaching (Ogle, 1987). KWL charts help students to be active thinkers while they read (Carr & Ogle, 1987), giving them specific things to look for and having them reflect on what they learned when they are finished reading. In learning, metacognition involves the active monitoring and conscious control and regulation  of cognitive processes. It involves thinking about thinking, self-awareness, and self-regulation (Flavell, 1979). The metacognitive strategy of self-questioning is used to ensure that students comprehend the text. When students set their own purposes for reading, they are more motivated and active as readers. Each student has a schema, or a framework for how they view the world. Accessing a student’s prior knowledge is the first step in integrating new concepts into their existing schema. KWL charts help activate background knowledge and provide an opportunity for students to set their own learning objectives. Assessment Of For And As Learning. (2016, Sep 26).

The Potato Chip Industry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Potato Chip Industry - Term Paper Example d ‘Wonks’ which was started by two smart lawyers who secretly bought up all the firms of this sector and began their operations as a monopolistic firm. The intention of this paper is to gain an in depth understanding of the monopoly market structure in comparison to the monopolistically competitive market structure with reference to potato chip industry. A monopoly market structure is characterized by meager or insignificant competition and complete control of the monopolist over the market. It is often learnt to be extremely profitable to the shareholders who intends to invest in a monopolistic business. It is because of the fact that the shareholders have to face insignificant risks of suffering loss from the business as the monopoly firm enjoys an apparent influence over the price of the commodities which can be altered at any time to substantiate the probable risks, thus securing the shareholders’ value. Moreover, a monopolistic firm also enjoys minimum exposure to the risk of close substitutes, since there are no other firms associated with supplying the same product. In case of a monopoly market, since there is only a single firm in market selling a particular commodity, it also becomes easier for the government to regulate the market operations (Petru, 2011). A monopoly firm is found to be consistently innovative in the long run for the reason that if the firm does not encourage innovation in its products and/or services, the consumers may opt for a substitute of the product instead of the same monotonous commodity which in turn is most likely to reward better market opportunities to the new entrants. In other words, it can be affirmed that if a monopoly firm continues with a same product without innovation, as a result of the growing consumer demand for new products, new entrants are most likely to get an opportunity to invade the market. Thus, it is quite likely that a monopoly market structure will be able to reward better customer services with

EMBA 560 Executive Position week 2 exercise 2 Research Paper - 1

EMBA 560 Executive Position week 2 exercise 2 - Research Paper Example He/she also must possess honesty, integrity, character, trustworthiness, and all the personal virtues I would need my VP to have to be able to command the respect of others and for me to repose trust in him/her. Having made this wish list, I shall then analyze the needs of the organization. Where is the organization at this time? What are the more serious challenges that it faces now, and will face in the medium to long-term? How about the engineering department itself, what are its current and medium to long-term requirements? Some organizations have problems dealing with revenues; that is a marketing problem. Others have challenges in controlling costs; that is an operations problem. Still other may have union issues or skills obsolescence, or demotivation; these are HR problems. Several of these may occur simultaneously, so it will be necessary to prioritize and rank them in order of importance to the firm. It is only at this point that one may begin to consider the candidates. Do they all possess the basic attributes? If so, how does hiring each one match the organization’s needs? For instance, if motivation is an issue, prefer to hire from within, and maybe prefer seniority, because the younger candidate can wait a few more years to be hired. To add inputs to my decision, I will probably invite each one of them to a cordial lunch to discover their own personal disposition and inclination about the position, without necessarily informing them that they are being considered. This may be unethical in the case of Ms Hernandez since she is still connected with the competitor, so in her case the fact finding may be done through a third person. In any case, it is important to know how each would feel about the position, particularly John Adams who is the successor apparent. In making my consideration, I should be aware that since John Adams is the one everyone

Comparing Lord Dunsany’s Two Bottles of Relish and James Thurber’s Secr

A Comparison of Lord Dunsany’s Two Bottles of Relish and James Thurber’s Secret Life of Walter Mitty â€Å"The Two Bottles of Relish,† by Lord Dunsany, written in 1932, tells the story of Smithers, a relish vendor and London resident, in his quest to sell his product, Num-numo and, along with his new roommate, Linley, solve the murder of Nancy Elth. The 1942 short story â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty,† by James Thurber, documents the fantasies of ordinary man Walter Mitty as he attempts to escape his mundane life. Both Smithers and Mitty have low self-esteem and are ambitious in different ways, but they differ in imagination. Both Smithers and Mitty have low opinions of themselves and permit others to push them around. Smithers shows his feelings of inferiority when he readily admits, â€Å"I’m what you might call a small man and in a small way of business†(42). He acknowledges his low opinion of his work of selling relish when he says, â€Å" . . . it is quite easy to push . . . I wouldn’t have gotten the job if it weren’t†(42). Smithers concedes that Mr. Linley is superior when Smithers agrees to sleep in the hall to be out of Linley’s way and to do the leg work to get the clues so that Linley can solve the murder. Walter Mitty exposes his feelings of inadequacy as he remembers bungling the removal of chains from his tires and having to pay a mechanic to correct his mistake. He is totally managed by his wife which is proven when she orders him to buy overshoes, and when he protests, she continues to put him down by saying, â€Å" ‘Weâ₠¬â„¢ve been through that . . . You’re not a young man any longer’†(273). Mitty further demonstrates his inability to stand up for himself when he tolerates being given orders ... ...g†(52). Also, Smithers has all the facts that he needs to solve the murder after he goes to Unge, but his lack of mind’s eye prevents him from solving the murder. Mitty’s imagination allows him to escape into fantasy, and Smither’s lack of imagination keeps him ordinary. Smithers and Mitty feel inadequate and are ambitious in different ways; however, they differ greatly in their use of imagination. Smither’s characteristics result in an ordinary man; Mitty’s traits result in a man who arouses sympathy. Works Cited Plunkett, J. M. D. â€Å"The Two Bottles of Relish.† 1932. 21 Great Stories. Ed. Abraham H. Lass and Norma L. Tasman. New York: Mentor, 1969. 42-55. Thurber, James. â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty.† 1942. 21 Great Stories. Ed. Abraham H.Lass and Norma L. Tasman. New York: Mentor, 1969. 272-277.

Euthanasia Background Essay

* What’s Euthanasia? * The Pro-Life Alliance defines it as: ‘Any action or omission intended to end the life of a patient on the grounds that his or her life is not worth living.’ * The Voluntary Euthanasia Society looks to the word’s Greek origins – ‘eu’ and ‘thanatos,’ which together mean ‘a good death’ – and say a modern definition is: ‘A good death brought about by a doctor providing drugs or an injection to bring a peaceful end to the dying process.’ * Three classes of euthanasia can be identified — passive euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia — although not all groups would acknowledge them as valid terms.† * What is physician-assisted suicide/physician aid in dying? * It is descriptively accurate and carries with it no misleading connotations. * Other contributors to this volume prefer the synonymous term physician-assisted suicide because it is technically accurate, and still others prefer physician aid in dying because it is relatively neutral. * Although suicide can be considered heroic or rational depending on setting and philosophical orientation, in much American writing it is conflated with mental illness, and the term suggests the tragic self-destruction of a person who is not thinking clearly or acting rationally. Pros: * Everyone has the right to die * The right of a competent, terminally ill person to avoid excruciating pain and embrace a timely and dignified death bears the sanction of history and is implicit in the concept of ordered liberty. * The exercise of this right is as central to personal autonomy and bodily integrity as rights safeguarded by this Court’s decisions relating to marriage, family relationships, procreation, contraception, child rearing and the refusal or termination of life-saving medical treatment. * In particular, this Court’s recent decisions concerning the right to refuse medical treatment and the right to abortion instruct that a mentally competent, terminally ill person has a protected liberty interest in choosing to end intolerable suffering by bringing about his or her own death. * Patient suffering should be able to end their life. * At the Hemlock Society they get calls daily from desperate people who are looking for someone like Jack Kevorkian to end their lives, which have lost all quality. * Americans should enjoy a right guaranteed in the European Declaration of Human Rights — the right not to be forced to suffer. * It should be considered as much of a crime to make someone live that with justification does not wish to continue as it is to take life without consent. * What about palliative (end-of-life) care? * The evidence for the emotional impact of assisted dying on physicians shows that euthanasia and assisted suicide are a far cry from being ‘easier options for the caregiver’ than palliative care, as some critics of Dutch practice have suggested. * We wish to take a strong stand against the separation and opposition between euthanasia and assisted suicide, on the one hand, and palliative care, on the other, that such critics have implied. There is no ‘either-or’ with respect to these options. * Every appropriate palliative option available must be discussed with the patient and, if reasonable, tried before a request for assisted death can be accepted. * What about living wills? * Living wills can be used to refuse extraordinary, life-prolonging care and are effective in providing clear and convincing evidence that may be necessary under state statutes to refuse care after one becomes terminally ill. * A recent Pennsylvania case shows the power a living will can have. In that case, a Bucks County man was not given a feeding tube, even though his wife requested he receive one, because his living will, executed seven years prior, clearly stated that he did ‘not want tube feeding or any other artificial invasive form of nutrition. * A living will provides clear and convincing evidence of one’s wishes regarding end-of-life care. * Healthcare * Even though the various elements that make up the American healthcare system are becoming more circumspect in ensuring that money is not wasted. * The cap that marks a zero-sum healthcare system is largely absent in the United States. * Considering the way we finance healthcare in the United States, it would be hard to make a case that there is a financial imperative compelling us to adopt physician-assisted suicide in an effort to save money so that others could benefit. Cons: * There will be a slippery slope to legalized murder. * In a society as obsessed with the costs of health care and the principle of utility, the dangers of the slippery slope†¦ are far from fantasy. * Assisted suicide is a half-way house, a stop on the way to other forms of direct euthanasia, for example, for incompetent patients by advance directive or suicide in the elderly. So, too, is voluntary euthanasia a half-way house to involuntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia. * If terminating life is a benefit, the reasoning goes, why should euthanasia be limited only to those who can give consent? Why need we ask for consent? * The Hippocratic Oath and Prohibition of Killing would make it impossible. * The prohibition against killing patients†¦ stands as the first promise of self-restraint sworn to in the Hippocratic Oath, as medicine’s primary taboo: ‘I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect’. * In forswearing the giving of poison when asked for it, the Hippocratic physician rejects the view that the patient’s choice for death can make killing him right. * For the physician, at least, human life in living bodies commands respect and reverence–by its very nature. As its respectability does not depend upon human agreement or patient consent, revocation of one’s consent to live does not deprive one’s living body of respectability. * The deepest ethical principle restraining the physician’s power is not the autonomy or freedom of the patient; neither is it his own compassion or good intention. Rather, it is the dignity and mysterious power of human life itself, and therefore, also what the Oath calls the purity and holiness of life and art to which he has sworn devotion.† * There is also Government involvement in end-of-life decisions. * Cases like Schiavo’s touch on basic constitutional rights, such as the right to live and the right to due process, and consequently there could very well be a legitimate role for the federal government to play. * There’s a precedent–as a result of the highly publicized deaths of infants with disabilities in the 1980s, the federal government enacted ‘Baby Doe Legislation,’ which would withhold federal funds from hospitals that withhold lifesaving treatment from newborns based on the expectation of disability. * The medical community has to have restrictions on what it may do to people with disabilities – we’ve already seen what some members of that community are willing to do when no restrictions are in place.Healthcare spending implications will shut it down. * There would be healthcare spending implications. * Savings to governments could become a consideration. * Drugs for assisted suicide cost about $35 to $45, making them far less expensive than providing medical care. * This could fill the void from cutbacks for treatment and care with the ‘treatment’ of death.† * Social groups would also be at risk. * It must be recognized that assisted suicide and euthanasia will be practiced through the prism of social inequality and prejudice that characterizes the delivery of services in all segments of society, including health care. * Those who will be most vulnerable to abuse, error, or indifference are the poor, minorities, and those who are least educated and least empowered. * This risk does not reflect a judgment that physicians are more prejudiced or influenced by race and class than the rest of society – only that they are not exempt from the prejudices manifest in other areas of our collective life.

Alzheimer s Disease, Or Senile Dementia - 1715 Words

Alzheimer s disease, or senile dementia, is a form of dementia that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Brain cells and their connections are killed, and this is what causes people s brain functions to fail. Scientist have yet to know what causes Alzheimer s, but have discovered that age, family history, and genes contribute to developing the disease. Symptoms experienced by people with Alzheimer s are poor judgement, poor decision making, inability to manage a budget, losing track of the date or season, difficulty having a conversation, misplacing things, and being unable to retrace steps to find them. According to National Geographic, symptoms experienced in animals include, â€Å"acting disoriented, walking in circles, or staring into corners or at the wall.† So far, not a lot of research has been done on animal dementia. Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer s, but there are treatments to help with some brain functions such as cholinesterase inhibitors and memantin e to help treat symptoms like loss of memory, confusion, and problems with thinking and reasoning. Certain genes passed down from your parents contribute to a higher or definite chance of developing the disease. Currently, neuroscientists--scientists that study diseases in the brain and nervous system--are committed to creating clinical trials to find a cure for Alzheimer’s. There are hundreds of various clinical trials that have been created to help combat or even cure Alzheimer s disease. So far,Show MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia1427 Words   |  6 PagesDementia, known as one of the world s current pandemics, is estimated to be the fourth most common cause of death in the developed country, second only to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. 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It is a very slow decline thatRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Horrific Change1460 Words   |  6 Pages Alzheimer s disease which chronically leads to Senile Dementia, is a horrific change in homeostasis for human beings. The most obvious chang e in homeostasis from Alzheimer s is loss of memory. Memory loss can vary from short term to long term. Alzheimer s disease has been occurring in humans for a long time. This is a disease that affects different body systems, and interrupts homeostasis to a significant point. As Alzheimer s disease is further investigated, there are more discoveries withRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1006 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer s disease is a severe illness that affects the brain and leads to gradual memory loss, reduced intellectual ability and deterioration function of thinking. Alzheimer s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a progressive neurological disorder that increasingly robs individuals of cognitive, behavioral, and functional skills (Demakis, 2007). The reason for the appearance this disease is a collection of disorders in the brain due to which its cells are dying partially. In theRead MoreHow Does Someone Get Alzheimer s Disease?788 Words   |  4 Page sHow Does Someone Get Alzheimer s Disease? By Dick Harkes | Submitted On August 17, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest What is Alzheimer s Disease Through Alzheimer s Disease healthy neurons are destroyedRead MoreDementia And It s Types Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesDementia and it s types Dementia is a syndrome caused by multiple progressive illnesses that affects memory, thinking, orientation, behaviour, comprehension, calculation, judgement, learning capacity, language, and loss of motivation and emotional control. The syndrome is characterized by Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with lewy bodies, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia mainly affects older people. Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. Prevalence 44.4Read MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Mysterious Tragedy Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Alzheimer s Disease is a name that is not entirely uncommon. Alzheimer s is a disease that has only recently been classified as one, though it is not uncommon to mankind. Before Dr. Alzheimer officially diagnosed it has been present before under the premise of old age and dementia, as both disorders are a disruption of neural pathways related to memory and normal brain operation. Memory in this sense is not bound to the idea of experiences worth cherishing, but also incorporates loss ofRead MoreNew Research On Alzheimer s Disease1405 Words   |  6 Pagesin Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. To date, it is officially ranked as the sixth leading cause of death in the United States; however, recent estimates indicate that the disorder may actually rank third, just behind heart disease and cancer, as a cause of death for older people. Alzheimer’s, also known as senile dementia, is predominantlyRead MoreThe Dangers Of Alzheimer s Disease946 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s disease. This disease has plagued mankind for centuries and mercilessly strips people of their independence and intelligence. What makes this disease so dangerous is the fact that humankind has only recently begun to truly understand how it functions, this means that humankind currently has no defense against said disease. Why does mankind only now understand Alzheimer’s disease if it has been around for centuries? The reason is due to the lack of knowledge of the disease, especiallyRead MoreA Study On Alzheimer s Disease1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthe brain occurs a dangerous, gradual, and deteriorative ailment, dementia, particularly named Alzheimer s disease. This disease develops as an irregular malfunction which ultimately leads to death. Alzheimer’s disease was found by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German physician. A woman of middle age passed away years after she was diagnosed with psychological decayment and confusion that was accompanied with loss of memory. Dr. Alzheimer realized there was an unusual arrangement in the nerve cells while