William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 2432 Words

Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet emphasizes the fact that there is a fine line between infatuation and love. Both young lovers assumed they had fallen in love when they first met each other, but this proved to be wrong throughout the play as they kept relying on violence and self-harm when their passionate affair hit some bumps in the road. They cared more about satisfying their own wants and needs instead of each others. As a result, many critics argue that the two star-crossed lovers were much too immature and impulsive to experience genuine love. Subsequently, the inferences made from the foreshadowing and dramatic irony in the prologue and throughout the play, reveal that the relationship between Romeo and Juliet was merely based on lust†¦show more content†¦However, one cannot love someone else without actually knowing that person, this is considered infatuation because there is absolutely no intimacy or commitment. Of course, passion is vital in a relationship but it is simply not enough to keep the relationship longstanding, commitment and intimacy are the cement that holds it together. In this case, since Romeo and Juliet are acting on their feelings out of haste, this means there can be no commitment or reliance when they have only known each other for a matter of hours and do not know much about one another except for the fact they both come from feuding families, there is no trust or foundation (Sternberg 120-123). As stated by Elaine Hatfield Ph.D., â€Å"Passionate love provides a high, like drugs, and you can’t stay high forever† (Meyers). Passion soon declines as time goes by, especially when intimacy escalates (Eastwick and Finkel). Everything begins to transform when a person finally breaks out of their passion filled trance and sees their partner for who they really are. A relationship cannot be based solely on passion, there is no way it will last, there is no understanding or loyalty. This leads many to think that perhaps the two teenagers may be experiencing lust rather than love. Another type of love depicted in the play is Romeo’s unrequited love between him and Rosaline which identified him as a Petrarchan lover. Romeo was in love with the idea of being in love, he was â€Å"in

Organ Donation. “Organ Donation Is Not A Tragedy, But It

Organ Donation â€Å"Organ donation is not a tragedy, but it can be a beautiful light, in the midst of one† (Unknown). There has been many disbeliefs about donating your organs over the years. The organ demand drastically exceeds the available supply, which is why more people need to be organ donors. People should become organ donors because of the limited availability of organs and the chance to save many lives. Although many people think that if you are an organ donor doctors won’t try as hard to save your life, but that is not the case at all. According to an article from World of Health â€Å"A wish to donate organs for transplant will not reduce efforts to save a patient’s life. Organs will not be removed until all life-saving efforts have†¦show more content†¦It is said that  ¨While about 80% of Americans support donation, there are fewer than 50% who agree to organ donation if approached upon the death of a family member ¨ (Organ Donation). D octors usually ask family members if it is okay to donate the organs, even if they say they are donors on their licence. The opt-out policy would allow you to donate your organs regardless of your family members saying no when approached upon your death. An opt-out policy is not the only thing that we can do to help increase the number of available organs. Despite the fact it is illegal to sell organs, to help increase the numbers of donors, some states are offering to pay the family indirectly. â€Å"If a family agrees to organ donation, Pennsylvania pays $300 directly to the family’s funeral home to help defray the cost of the funeral† (Organ Donation). With some states paying the family indirectly, there has been an increase in the number of donors. Being paid indirectly helps the families immensely. Not only does this help with the costs, but it takes away any stress they may have had about being able to afford the funeral. There’s no question that a change needs to be made to help improve the number of available organs. Last, becoming an organ donor gives you a chance to save up to fifty lives. This quote â€Å"When I look into their eyes, I see a little bit of Matthew moving on† (Tiffanie Wen)Show MoreRelatedOrgan Transplants : An Organization1486 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 7-8 1B January 20, 2015 Organ Transplants Despite the fact that more than a million have signed up to become donors the number of donors is still nowhere near the number of people on waiting for transplants therefore, resulting in an average of eighteen deaths every day due to the shortage. (Pros) Keep in mind the amount of lives saved or restored when a single organ donor can save up to eight lives. In addition to saving lives and restoring broken lives, a donation can reduce medical expensesRead MoreThe Importance Of Organ Donation929 Words   |  4 Pageswaiting for an organ donation and every ten minutes another person is added to the waiting list. Organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for transplantation to another person. Everyone should be an organ donor if you are able to because one donor can save eight lives, and the gift of life is the best gift you can give (Organ Donation Statistics). Although 95% of United States citizens support organ donations, only 54% are actually donors (Organ Donation Statistics).Read MoreOrgan Donation Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation Today in the United States there are thousands of people currently waiting for some type of transplant. If one were to ask a group of people if they have friends or family who have either had a transplant or are waiting for one, one would find that most people know at least one person who has had a transplant or is waiting for one. Transplantation is a great advance in modern medicine. The need for organ donors is much larger than the number of people who sign up to donateRead MorePersuasive Speech On Organ Donation1048 Words   |  5 Pageshigh enough. These people need organs, and it is on us to help. It takes just one of us to save as many as eight people on the list. People need to be educated on organ donation and the opportunities it creates rather than a hasty decision that is made when you apply for your driver’s license. Organ donation is an amazingly powerful and underestimated practice. I believe everyone should become more open to the idea of helping othe rs through the donation of their organs, which would otherwise be entirelyRead MoreOrgan Donation After Death By Toni Gross1476 Words   |  6 Pages Organ Donation After Death by Toni Gross Specific Purpose Statement: ​To invite my audience to consider the pros and cons of donating organs after death and to consider where this leads into the future. Thesis: ​Organ donation is the process of giving an organ or a part of an organ and transplanting it into another person in order for them to survive, today I am wanting to better understand the different views on organ donating so I can make a better decision on deciding whether to registerRead MorePersuasive Speech : Organ Donor1480 Words   |  6 Pagesaudience of the importance of becoming an organ donor to save lives. Thesis: Becoming an organ donor can give severely ill people another chance at living a normal life. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Imagine having a loved one who is in end stage organ failure and has been put on the organ transplant waiting list, in hopes getting the chance to live. B. Reason to Listen: With the long list of people waiting to receive an organ transplant, it is important thatRead MoreOrgan Donation Interpersonal relationship980 Words   |  4 Pagespeople find organ donation a difficult subject to discuss, a bit like talking about death or making a will. However, it is a vital issue that affects thousands of people. Transplantation has gradually become the accepted treatment for a number of conditions where organs like the kidneys, heart and liver have irreversibly failed O rgan Shortage ï‚ ¨ Each day, about 60 people around the world receive an organ transplant, while another 13 die due to non-availability of organs. ï‚ ¨ Organ shortage — theRead MoreCausal Argument Paper On The Human Organ Black Market1274 Words   |  6 PagesCausal Argument Paper on the Human Organ Black Market â€Å"The measure of a life, after all, is not its duration, but its donation.† (Corrie Ten Boom) As living creatures our organs are a very vital detail into who, what we are and how we work. We would not be able survive well and live our lives to the fullest that we possibly can, if we did not have them. Organ donation is a very important thing, whether it is just a kidney to be a live donor. Or giving it all when life is over and a new chapter beginsRead MoreHate the Wait Launched for Organ Donations Essay558 Words   |  3 Pages2013 called â€Å"Hate the Wait† to encourage organ donation registration among New Yorkers. Ten-thousand New Yorkers are on the organ transplant waiting lists and a new name is added ever two and a half hours, yet the percentage of New Yorkers registered as organ donors is less than half the national average. One of these ads was placed on New York City subways (see fig. 1). With the new ad, the donor network is targeting New Yorkers apath etic to organ donation to make them care enough to register asRead MorePros And Cons Of Assisted Suicide1743 Words   |  7 Pagessuffering. Society will argue the pros and cons of assisted suicide in every state but ultimately legalization throughout all states in the U.S. will give a human being the moral right to choose freely, death with dignity, and an option for timely organ donation. The human action and character gives a person the moral right to choose freely from living and dying willingly. A state of a person’s cognitive mind is necessary to make a decision or a legal medical appointed end-of-life power of attorney document

Do Gender Role Stereotypes exist in children(TM)s fairy tale stories Free Essays

I am currently working on a piece of sociological coursework which requires me to explore the relationship between children’s fairy tale stories and gendered roles. From birth biological differences exist between males and females. Sociologists refer to this as sex differences. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Gender Role Stereotypes exist in children(TM)s fairy tale stories? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we grow older these differences between males and females involve more than biology; they are gendered. Gendered roles are learned. They guide us to behave and perform in ways which fulfill our gender role stereotype. This is achieved via the process of socialisation. When talking in relation to the nature vs. nurture debate, sociologists believe that our gender roles are nurtured by our parents, societal expectations and media influences. The main aim of my coursework is to find out if gender role stereotypes exist in children’s fairy tale stories. I aim to do this by looking at the ways in which fairytale images transform into guided behaviours. My additional aims in which I will investigate include: * Being able to find out what massages fairytale stories send to youngsters from a sociological point of view. I have decided to investigate gender role socialisation because I am extremely interested in the role played by society in the development of this. Furthermore, I would like to find out what makes these stereotypes so common and how fairy tale stories portray gender roles in relation to the images it presents to young children. Sociological research also concerns the roots of gender role within society. Therefore, it would make sense to see how these sociologists have expressed their views on this specific topic. For example, Teya Cherland is a sociologist who researched the topic of gender role stereotyping in fairytale stories and, she made it clear that the insecurities evolving around many young children is growing as they watch and read more and more fairytales. Sociologists believe that we aren’t born to be boys and girls; we learn our gender roles as we grow older. This is a very sentimental point because in my coursework I want to explore gender role stereotyping from a Nature vs. Nurture perspective. My Secondary Sources I have decided to focus on some secondary sources in order to find out what other sociologists think about my chosen topic. The following sources will help me to gather some crucial information to help me meet my overall aim which is to find out if gender role stereotypes exist in children’s fairytale stories. I also want to understand this topic from a sociological point of view and therefore, I will also be using these sources to find out if what I have discovered pairs up to other sociologist’s discoveries. My first results came from an article called Ecclectical. The article was written by a sociologist called Teya Cherland and was publicised in April 2006. In it, Teya explained that young boys and girls hide themselves away from reality because fairytales make them feel insecure of the true beauty that exists within them. Other than this, she outlined that boys and girls find it hard to distinguish reality from the so-called â€Å"dream world† that they visualise from watching T.V. She said, â€Å"Children’s literature plays a key role in shaping a child’s perception of those around her/him and the world they live in.† She then carried on saying â€Å"it is vital to understand how they view real life† This made it clear, her belief was that fairytale stories deliver wrong messages to young kids and make them feel a certain way which can build on their insecurities. This links in with my aim because in my coursework I want to involve some sociological processes and this article brings up the issue of the Nature vs. Nurture debate and helps me to find a way how to link young children’s influences into my query. My second source came from an article titled â€Å"Sex Roles†. This particular article was written by Angela M. Gooden and was publicised In July 2001. In the article it was outlined that children’s books are served as a socializing tool that passed to the next generation. To explain, in her article she said the following, â€Å"Children’s books have the potential of altering perceptions and possibly helping to change lives† This relates back to my investigation because the article explains the fact that children are influenced by societies teachings and, one of my smaller aims are to be able to find out if children are influenced by the images they see and the things they hear when watching fairytales. My third and last source came from a text called Gender identities. This text was written by a sociologist named Ruth and the year of its publication was 2006(April 21st) Ruth investigated on different sociologists own thoughts about gender role and found out that according to the 1990s, boys and girls are directed to different subjects from an early age. She found that from some people stick to the idea that, Teachers pay more attention to boys than girl in the classroom and that the term â€Å"girl power† Ignores continuing structures of inequality. Much of her information supported the idea that the way in which boys and girls are brought up affects they way they feel about â€Å"gender role stereotyping† when their older. The following quote was mentioned in the article. â€Å"Murdock (1949) and Parsons (1955), who were functionalists, both thought that women and men had inbuilt differences that made women more suitable to be carers and men to be breadwinners.† This links in with my investigation because in order to find out whether gender role stereotypes exist in children’s fairytale stories, I need to understand the true meaning of the term â€Å"gender role† and how society portrays it which is provided for me in this source. Overall, all of my chosen sources have enhanced my understanding on my chosen ton topic. I am now able to use this information to help me to answer and evaluate my essay title. How to cite Do Gender Role Stereotypes exist in children(TM)s fairy tale stories?, Papers

Research Methodology Primary Data and Secondary Data

Question: Discuss about theResearch Methodologyfor Primary Data and Secondary Data. Answer: Importance of Secondary Data when conducting a Research In a research project, two types of data can be used primary data and secondary data. Merriam and Tisdell (2015) stated that the type of data depends on the variables of the research. In case of this particular research, the variables are students performance and co curricular involvement. In order to research on the relationship between these two variables, the secondary data has been used because this research required the existing students records of the colleges and schools. Apart from that, there are many other advantages, which the study has achieved by using the secondary data. The importance of using secondary data is as follows: As secondary data are the existing data, it is easily available in different sources. Bryman and Bell (2015) mentioned that the easy and simple accessibility makes secondary data important to the researchers. For example, in this particular study, the data related to the percentage of scores of the students, who have taken part in the co curricular activities is essential and this data is easily available in the track records of the schools and colleges. Therefore, by taking the permission from appropriate authority, this data can be easily accessed. Vlachopoulos et al. (2015) mentioned that the time-saving capacity of secondary data has increased its importance in the field of research. In support of this, Merriam and Tisdell (2015) added that in this modern era, when internet facility is available at everywhere, the secondary data can be gathered very quickly. For example, in order to collect the data regarding the students track record for this research, it is not mandatory to go to the schools and colleges. The track records of the students are easily available at websites of the college or school. Therefore, the data can be quickly gathered from the internet sources. Using secondary data is also important because the researchers can save their money and researched resources appropriately. As secondary data are easily available in the books, journals and websites, it can be gathered at minimum cost (West, Sakshaug Aurelien, 2016). The secondary data can be gathered from the library or websites. Therefore, secondary data provides the scope of research to the researchers, who have limited financial capacity. For example, for this particular research, if it is important to go to the college or school, then also the place is specific and so no extra money needs to be spent for travelling here and there. Minimum level of biasness has increased the importance of secondary data more. Vlachopoulos et al. (2015) stated that the secondary data are generally available in the sources, which are previously approved by the appropriate authority. Therefore, the chances of including biased data are less if the secondary data is used in the research. For example, for this research, the track records of the students have been used and that has been collected from the colleges and it is obvious that the track records of the students are approved by the college or school authorities. Therefore, it can be said that for this particular research, the secondary data is the most appropriate. Reference List: Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Merriam, S. B., Tisdell, E. J. (2015).Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Vlachopoulos, C., Xaplanteris, P., Aboyans, V., Brodmann, M., Cfkov, R., Cosentino, F., ... Lekakis, J. (2015). The role of vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary prevention. A position paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripheral circulation: endorsed by the Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology (ARTERY) Society.Atherosclerosis,241(2), 507-532. West, B. T., Sakshaug, J. W., Aurelien, G. A. S. (2016). How Big of a Problem is Analytic Error in Secondary Analyses of Survey Data?.PloS one,11(6), e0158120.

How to Integrate AdSense With WordPress in 3 Simple Steps

If you want to make money from your website, youve probably heard of  Google AdSense. Its one of the most popular advertising platforms online, its used by over 12 million active sites, and its an easy way to monetize your website. But to get the most out of it, youll need to learn how to integrate AdSense with WordPress.Fortunately, this is easy to do. Youll simply have to sign up for the service, wait to be approved, and then start placing ads on your site. WordPress provides a simple way to insert AdSense ads out of the box, but you can also find plugins that will help you optimize their placement and appearance.In this post, well introduce Google AdSense and talk about what makes it so useful. Then, well show you how to integrate AdSense with WordPress in three short steps. Lets take a look! If you are interested in earning a little extra revenue, Google AdSense is one of the first solutions to check out. AdSense enables you to easily insert ads on your website – you jus t include a small code snippet on your site and Google will handle the rest.  Your visitors will see relevant ads and youll get paid based on how many people view and/or click on your ads.This solution is great for beginners. Its easy to get started and integrates with just about any platform – including WordPress. To use it, youll just need to meet a few basic requirements, such as having an active site that complies with Googles program policies.Of course, there are alternatives to Google AdSense, and its worth taking a look at those solutions too. But most of the time, AdSense is a great first step in monetizing your website.How to integrate  AdSense with WordPress (in three steps)Signing up for the AdSense program and placing ads on your site is a pretty simple process. Lets walk through it together!Step 1: Sign up for Google AdSenseTo integrate AdSense with WordPress, youll first need two things:A websiteA Google accountWith those in hand, you can visit the website a nd click on the option to Sign up now.Youll be prompted to choose a Google account to connect to the program. Then, youll be taken to a simple sign-up form:Here, you need to provide the URL for your website, as well as your home country. You can also choose whether you want the program to send you customized suggestions. After this, check the Terms and Conditions box and select Create Account.It will take up to three days for your request to be approved and then youll get an email with instructions on how to activate your account. When thats done, youre ready to start creating ads.Step 2: Create your first adTo create ads for your site, youll need to be logged into your AdSense account. Then:Navigate to My adsSelect the Content optionClick on +New ad unitAt this point, youll need a name for your ad. Pick something descriptive and easy to identify. You can then set its dimensions under Ad size. To be safe, stick with the Recommended  sizes. The Responsive  option is usually a goo d starting point, though you can always experiment later on:Next, you can choose what type of ads youd like to use. Its advisable to pick the Text and display ads option, so you get access to as many ads as possible. However, you can stick to either text or display ads alone if one or the other feels right for your website.There are a few optional settings here, which you can use to tweak your ads further if youd like. Finally, select what youd like to see displayed if Google cant find any relevant ads from the If no ads available drop-down.Then, click on Save and get code. This will save your ad settings and provide you with an ad code. Copy this and save it somewhere safe, since youll need it for the next step:Step 3: Place your ad on your website with Custom HTML widgetIts finally time to integrate AdSense with WordPress. Just log into your WordPress dashboard, and navigate to Appearance Widgets. Add a new Custom HTML  widget by dragging one into your sites widget area:After t hat, you just need to paste in the ad code and save the widget:The code will pull all relevant information from your account and start displaying ads of the appropriate size and type. Make sure to check out what your ad looks like on the front end.Thats all you need to do to integrate AdSense with WordPress.However, for best results, there are a few extra steps that you might want to take. For one, you can apply some best practices to optimize your ads and earn more revenue.Beyond that, if you want more control over where your ads appear, you should consider using a dedicated WordPress AdSense plugin.Optional: Optimize your ads using pluginsPlacing your ads in your sites widget areas can be effective, but doesnt give you a lot of control. This is especially true if youre using a theme with limited options. Fortunately, you can find a plugin that will enable you to customize your AdSense ads further.One popular option is Ad Inserter: Ad Inserter Ad Manager AdSense Ads Author(s): Igor FunaCurrent Version: 2.5.7Last Updated: October 13, 2019ad-inserter.2.5.7.zip 98%Ratings 5,113,865Downloads WP 4.6+Requires This plugin lets you customize where your ads will be placed – such as above or below the header, before or after specific content, and so on. While its not the most beginner friendly option, you can use this plugin to produce nearly any result youd like.For a simpler approach, theres WP QUADS: AdSense Plugin WP QUADS Author(s): Rene Hermenau, WP-StagingCurrent Version: 1.8.7Last Updated: September 9, 2019quick-adsense-reloaded.1.8.7.zip 98%Ratings 1,386,162Downloads WP 3.6+Requires This is a more beginner-friendly option that requires less technical know-how, but is still very flexible. You can assign ad positions dynamically, insert ads within posts, and display up to ten ads on one page.Either of these plugins is a strong choice. The more time and care you put into how your ads are placed and displayed, the better your chances will be of increasing your income. Therefore, its worth spending a little extra time to get them just right.ConclusionMost sites need to monetize to sustain themselves, and yours is likely no different. However, figuring out how to create a decent income stream can be challenging, to say the least.  Google AdSense is a great option – a simple tool that enables you to create ads, place them on your site, and make a little cash (or possibly a lot) with almost no effort required.Whats more, its surprisingly easy to integrate AdSense with WordPress. Just follow these steps:Sign up for Google AdSense.Create your first ad.Place your ad on your website.Optionally, optimize your ads using plugins.Do you have any questions about how to integrate AdSense with WordPress effectively? Ask away in the comments section below! Here's how to integrate #AdSense with #WordPress

Free Essays on Changing Of The Guard

The Changing of the Guard Ever since the nineteen fifties, the McDonald’s Corporation has been well on its way to becoming the world’s top fast food restaurant, owning 33,000 restaurants world wide. But while McDonald’s is still topping off the fast food industry, it has shown a decline in profitability and production in recent years. This lack of productivity has the investment world up in arms. Both creditors and shareholders are the least bit pleased with the current situation. So on January 1, McDonald’s Corporation will make change in the CEO position. Not only have sales declined significantly, but a loss of more than 40 billion dollars in shareholder investments was incurred under CEO Jack Greenberg. Though Greenberg has been involved in the corporation for a long time, he has been unable to restore the â€Å"fast food machine† to its original condition. While Greenberg will step down as CEO, he will remain a part of the corporation as chief executive through 2005. To replace Greenberg, McDonald’s has chosen former vice chairman, James Cantalupo, as the new CEO. Cantalupo has been a part of the company for 28 years, and is familiar with the goals and expectations of the company; but as expressed by onlookers, this is not always a good thing. McDonald’s has already made significant changes, including new cooking systems and the reorganization of billions of dollars. So why is the prominent fast food company slowly plundering? Maybe internal recruitment was not the best decision for the McDonald’s company. Observers and investors alike were not pleased the company did not search externally for new talent. â€Å"Given the fact that ge was vice chairman of the company, he probably gad some say in what McDonald’s has done, and it hasn’t done well for the company,† says Bill Cottrell, manager of a large capital portfolio, who also owns 2.5 million shares in McDonald’s stock. Also Mr. Cottrell said h... Free Essays on Changing Of The Guard Free Essays on Changing Of The Guard The Changing of the Guard Ever since the nineteen fifties, the McDonald’s Corporation has been well on its way to becoming the world’s top fast food restaurant, owning 33,000 restaurants world wide. But while McDonald’s is still topping off the fast food industry, it has shown a decline in profitability and production in recent years. This lack of productivity has the investment world up in arms. Both creditors and shareholders are the least bit pleased with the current situation. So on January 1, McDonald’s Corporation will make change in the CEO position. Not only have sales declined significantly, but a loss of more than 40 billion dollars in shareholder investments was incurred under CEO Jack Greenberg. Though Greenberg has been involved in the corporation for a long time, he has been unable to restore the â€Å"fast food machine† to its original condition. While Greenberg will step down as CEO, he will remain a part of the corporation as chief executive through 2005. To replace Greenberg, McDonald’s has chosen former vice chairman, James Cantalupo, as the new CEO. Cantalupo has been a part of the company for 28 years, and is familiar with the goals and expectations of the company; but as expressed by onlookers, this is not always a good thing. McDonald’s has already made significant changes, including new cooking systems and the reorganization of billions of dollars. So why is the prominent fast food company slowly plundering? Maybe internal recruitment was not the best decision for the McDonald’s company. Observers and investors alike were not pleased the company did not search externally for new talent. â€Å"Given the fact that ge was vice chairman of the company, he probably gad some say in what McDonald’s has done, and it hasn’t done well for the company,† says Bill Cottrell, manager of a large capital portfolio, who also owns 2.5 million shares in McDonald’s stock. Also Mr. Cottrell said h...

Nick DiChario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nick DiChario - Essay Example (Nick DiChario.com)His short fiction has appeared in science fiction, fantasy, mystery, and the following publications in the United States: The Year's Best Science Fiction, The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror, and The Best Alternate History Stories of the 20th Century, among many others. (www.cybling.com, Nick DiChario as guest). DiChario has also been nominated for a John W. Campbell Award, two Hugo Awards, and a World Fantasy Award. In addition to writing stories, some of his plays have been presented in Geva Theatre's Regional Playwrights Festival in upstate New York, and he is the workshop coordinator for Writers & Books. (Id.) It is clear that DiChario does not take himself too seriously which may be the reason why his writing is so successful. He chatted on a blog with fans from the Green Room at "Chicon, the 58th Annual World Science Fiction Convention". Research across the web also indicates that he enjoys the feedback that he receives from his fans and avidly writes back. The largest impression that I received from this novel was that it made me wonder what would happen if I were in Tink's shoes. A small and remarkable life is a fitting title to this novel because in the grand scheme of life, Tink's could hardly be considered influential. However, it was remarkable in that we have a wonderful impression of what it would be like to be a fish out of water. The adaptation has suffocated a person, and DiChario shows us what it would be like realistically for an alien. Based on his description, I guess it would be the same for us if we ever visited "Wetspace". This novel tells us the story of Tink Puddah, a strange being mostly conveniently referred to as the "foreigner". Tink comes to us from a place called "Wetspace". It looks like Tink may be the child of Nif and Ru, also two aliens from "Wetspace". The Three have decided to come to earth and adapt themselves to the planet and its' people in the mid 1800's. I also thought that it was interesting to begin the story with Tink's funeral. I loved the idea of the preacher being the public enemy instead of the alien. In fact in his review of the book, Corey Redkop from "Shelf Monkey states "DiChario propels the story through startling imagery that pays homage to the tenets of the genre while at the same time raising the bar". The novel allows us to examine our own conscious while enjoying science fiction at the same time. It also demonstrates that all persons are fallible. One of the most interesting aspects of this book is that it is a "first contact" novel. Taking the form of a 'first-contact' novel (i.e. a story based on the presumption of Earth's first contact with an alien life form), this really does seem like we are almost experiencing this story ourselves. What I appreciate most about this novel is that despite the subject matter, we are still taken through unexpected roads which for a moment seem ludicrous, yet after thought are log ical. My favorite quote from this novel is: "Their metamorphosis had begun-they had each developed two miniature spherical structures of jelly-like eyes with which to see the new world. Bodies shrinking, rounding, bending. Bones to support the eco-matter. Small, bipedal, humanoid creatures they would become. Atoms, molecules, joints, nails, skin, glands, hormones,

Process Document Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Process Document - Research Paper Example This will alleviate possible injury while you are mowing. Be on the look out for toys, dog bones, branches that have fallen from the trees, cans, snack bags and so forth. Get any of these things out of the way so that you will not run over them when mowing. If there are natural obstacles like rocks that are half buried in your lawn or sewer pipes or anything that is naturally in your lawn, you will want to make a note of where they are or mark them so you do not run into them when mowing. than one yank of the string. On an electric mower, you will have a different kind of start switch that may or may not need a key. You can locate how to start your mower by using the booklet that comes with your mower. 8. Start mowing your lawn. In order to make it look good, it is a good idea to mow it in with even lines. Moving from one end of the yard to the other in an even pattern that is either horizontal or vertical. It is a good idea to choose one way or the other so that your lawn will get used to the pattern that you choose. 9. Move at a good clip. You do not want to move too fast or too slowly. If you move too fast, you will miss spots. If you move too slowly, grass can get clogged in the blades of your lawnmower and this can stall out your lawnmower. 11. After you are finished mowing, it is a good idea to take a rake and clean up your glass clippings if you have not used a bag on your mower. Also, use your hose to spray the undercarriage of the lawn mower to free the blades of any excess grass. Note: You will also want to follow the manufacturers guidelines for cleaning your mower if you have an electric or gas powered lawnmower. 4. If part or all of your lawn is on a slop, mow across it instead of mowing vertically. However, if you are using a riding lawnmower, mowing up and down is best so that you do not tip over while

Private Security Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Private Security Law - Essay Example Private security agencies have played a vital role in preventing, detecting and investigating instances of crime on the employer’s premises (Dempsey, 2010). Private security agencies have engaged in activities such as cash transportation, building surveillance using closed circuit televisions (CCTVs) and alarm systems, and private investigation of crime (Dempsey, 2010). Private security law is contained in the Private Security Officer Employment Authorization Act of 2004, which licenses and provides guidelines for the operation of private security services and agencies (Dempsey, 2010). When it is necessary to search an individual on your employer’s premises, there are certain legal risks which the security persons should be concerned about. These legal risks present potential causes of action against the personnel. Laws protect individuals from being searched, since security personnel are not authorized to search individuals for the purpose of finding evidence to arrest them (Maxwell, 1992). To have an opportunity to conduct the search, security personnel should first detain the individual after discovering the ongoing crime (Maxwell, 1992). Security personnel should not assist in, or allow any opportunity of, disposing the items stolen from the premises. According to Penal Code 846, a member of security personnel is allowed to search for weapons only if he or she believes that he or she is in physical danger after detaining the suspect. The searching officer must be in uniform and a badge to avoid any misunderstanding between him and the suspect (Dempsey, 2010). Some potential risks that can lead to criminal liability during the search include intimidation of the suspect to make him or her cooperate and confess the crime (Maxwell, 1992). Another potential risk includes the use of excessive physical force which is unreasonable in restraining the suspects who resist the search (Pastor, 2007). Use of excessive and unreasonable force will lead to bot h criminal and civil liability of the private security personnel. For instance, discharging a firearm and shooting the suspect in order to ensure the safety of the employer’s property will lead to criminal liability, since deadly force is only permissible in protecting human life (Maxwell, 1992). The use of unauthorized deadly weapons such as switch-blade knives and guns will also lead to criminal liability. For instance, proprietary security guards are usually unarmed and thus cannot carry or use any weapons such as knives, batons and guns during the search, since they are deadly weapons. The unlawful use of defensive weapons like batons or making misdemeanor arrest will lead to criminal liability, since the security guard has not actually observed the suspect committing the crime (Maxwell, 1992). If the there is a reason to believe that a particular employee of your employer was engaging in anonymous harassment of a co-worker and you wanted to confront the individual in a m eeting in your office, there are several steps that you can undertake in order to reduce the legal exposure of the company by the alleged harasser arising from the meeting. The investigator should desist from spreading any rumors, gossip or false statements about the alleged harasser and should conduct fair and impartial investigations before the meeting in order to avoid causing personal harm to the alleged haras

Super Leadership Is A New Form Of Leadership Education Essay

Super Leadership Is A New Form Of Leadership Education Essay INTRODUCTION Super Leadership is a new form of leadership for the era of knowledge-based enterprises distinguished by flat organizational structures and employee empowerment. A super-leader is one who leads others to lead themselves through designing and implementing the system that allows and teaches employees to be self-leaders. Super-leaders help each of their followers to develop into an effective self-leader by providing them with the behavioral and cognitive skills necessary to exercise self-leadership. Super-leaders establish values, model, encourage, reward, and in many other ways foster self-leadership in individuals, teams, and wider organizational cultures. The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model of super leadership and creativity. This paper will practically contribute to the literature on super leadership and creativity by examining the relationships between them. This study is in continuation to the study conducted by DiLiello and Houghton (2006) in which a model was suggested that the employees having strong super leadership qualities will have more creative and innovative potential. Moreover, they will also practice a high level of innovation and creativity, when they feel a strong support from their supporting workplace. In a broader perspective, super-leadership is an effective mean of developing a shared and pervasive environment that support idea generation and creative problem solving. Succinctly, it is believed that an organization that encourages super leadership is likely to experience higher levels of creative and innovative processes among its employees which can flourish useful ideas and ultimately enhance organizational effectiveness. Significance and Rationale of the Study The question arises that why super leadership phenomenon is important? The answer is that the function of leadership is to produce more leaders, not more followers. Employee self-leadership is the key to success in the new economy. So, having super-leadership, followers are treated in a proper way and thus turn into super leaders. If super leaders are successful in providing strategic alignment and coaching people, they develop followers who are productive, work independently, and need only minimal attention from the super leader. The rationale of this paper is to test and present results based upon a hypothesized model about the relationships between Super-leadership and idea generation/creative potential. In short, our model will test the hypothesis as if strong Super-leaders are more likely to have higher levels of idea generation/creativity potential than weak Super-leaders are. Such a model may be of great benefit to organizations that are looking forward to change due to market dynamism through the creativity and innovation of human resources of Super-leaders. As argued by Neck and Manz (1996), pragmatic Super-leadership research studies advocates that employees having Super-leadership line of action, enhances their individual performance and, at large, organizational performance, than an employee who does not practice Super-leadership approaches. In current era of rapid globalization, Super-leadership strategies enhance organizational capacity to flourish in the face of the challenges of the twenty-first century. Research Objectives The bulk of the literature on management and leadership tends to focus primarily on the dynamics of the common organization. This study will be a welcome addition to the abundant literature on Leadership Studies in organizational settings. At some level, one of the minor intentions of this study is to trigger an impetus that will prompt other academics and scholars to take on the topic of leadership and management at a wider range and with more comprehensive objectives. The main focus would be to explore the link between super leadership behavior and creative potential through idea generation for a innovative and creative culture within organization. Research Questions The research questions in this case are presented as follows: What is the relationship between super leadership and creativity potential? How super leadership provoke an employee to perform at its best level? REVIEW OF LITERATURE Why to shift from traditional leadership to Super-Leadership? Super-leadership, sometimes also called as Self-Leadership, may be defined as the way to lead others is by leading oneself (Manz and Sims, 2001). The main difference between traditional leadership management concept and Super-Leadership is the main focus on followers rather than leader itself, and especially the belief of improving followers capacity to lead who are effective self-leaders. Therefore, concisely, super-leadership is the way of leading others to lead themselves. As argued by Sims Manz (1996), for super leadership behavior to be implemented, a leader has to adopt 10 most significant shifts from traditional approach of leadership in order to move towards super leadership approach. First thing first, the leader helps out the team members/group to switch from external observation to self-observation. Secondly, the focus is on moving from designated goals to goals that are self developed. Thirdly, organic control is exercised by team/group members i.e. external reinforcement for task performance changes in to internal reinforcement with an addition of external reinforcement for self-leadership behaviors. Fourthly, leadership prefer to motivation techniques not only based on external compensation but also based on the natural rewards associated with work. Another step is that the leader shifts the group to focus on self criticism rather than external criticism from the organization, which often creates bad impact upon team/group members. Sixthly, there is a move from external problem solving towards self-problem solving techniques. Seventhly, there is a shift from external job assignments to self-job assignments. Also, leadership moves from external planning to self planning and from external task design to self-design of tasks at step eight. Ninth step focuses that any problem or issue arises should be treated as an opportunity instead of threat by the group/team members. Finally, commitment to organizations vision rather than its compliance only is more important that leadership needs to help the employee to create. Having focused to improve employees effectiveness, self-leadership phenomenon attempts to concentrate on various issues that an organization might come across in this era of rapid globalization. Supervisors and work conditions can have some sort of control mechanism in a work place (Manz and Sims, 1980) but the inner drive that initiate organic control, or intrinsic motivation to work, take place from within the person (Herzberg et al., 2003; Manz and Sims, 1980; Sergiovanni, 1992). It is always stressed that true leadership comes from within and at the end, achievement streams from follower self-leadership (Sims Manz, 1996). It is asserted that one can lead in a better way if able to develop and use individuals skills and capabilities at workplace (Manz and Sims, 1980). As advocated by Manz (1986) and Manz and Neck (2004) as organizational members are trained and permitted to utilize self-leadership strategies, a candid control mechanism is put in action. Finally, the Super-Leader must develop an environment where employees are free to fail and improve after taking risky decisions and can learn in a true sense. However, risk must be calculated enough and apposite autonomy to fail is of vital importance. We can say that the Super-Leader should promote learning, if the mistake took place in team/group members. Yet again, the Super-Leader must exercise a balance approach in terms of risk taking behaviors i.e. to become aware when one can let mistakes occur or otherwise (Sims Manz, 1996). Intrinsic Motivation The key to stimulate creativity in organization is to foster individuals creativity, for which the easiest human element is to alter an individuals motivation. Majority of empirical research findings in line with this statement are reported from the field of social psychology of creativity and are referred to in the literature as the intrinsic motivation principle. According to Amabile (1988), an intrinsic motivation of individuals towards a task/job has two sides. First, the persons natural preference towards such type of activities. Secondly, the way individual perceive and know the reasons to undertake that task, which is dependent upon external social as well as environmental factors. This second element is the simplest way to affect creativity of an individual and by using motivation i.e. intrinsic one, is one of the easiest approaches to do so as motivation needs less amount of time/money to boost up a creative individual. Moreover, the task or assignments that more complex and challenging with a freedom to decide on how to carry out assigned tasks are expected to foster intrinsic motivation that, sequentially, increases creativity (Amabile, 1988). Amabile (1996, 1997) comments that intrinsic motivation is one of the perspiration phases of the creative process that individuals may seek to bypass, moving too quickly to the more intrinsically motivating idea generation phase. On the other hand, rigid adherence to rules and regulation has a tendency to negatively affect creativity. For case in point, Amabile (1998) pointed out that rigid rules and centralized decision making reduces creativity as intrinsic motivation to do task reduces creativity. Due to centralized decision-making and rigid control, information flow within organization reduces as well. As creativity needs free access to information, this will, in turn, reduce the generation of new ideas. Similarly, in another study by Amabile (1997), intrinsic motivation arises when the task itself is a source of interest, enjoyment, self-expression, and personal challenge. Likewise, Ryan Deci (2000) pointed out that intrinsic motivation is a result of internal reinforcement to perform a task rather than in response to external reinforcement. A prior research foundation shows that formal organizational controls restrict individual freedom and thereby dampen intrinsic motivation required for creativity (Amabile, 1996; Shalley, Gilson, Blum, 2000). George and Zhou (2001) established in empirical terms that those individuals who demonstrate meticulous behavior at workplace and are particularly unremitting attitude towards workplace compulsions display low levels of creativity. In addition, intrinsic motivation is more indomitable on interesting tasks and less importunate on uninteresting tasks that require discipline and concerted effort (Gagne and Deci, 2005). Besides, creativity is improved by positive affect (Davis, 2009; Grawitch Munz, 2005) as a positive affect promote a forward move rather than evasion (Carver, 2001; Erez Isen, 2002), which ultimately improve individuals perception to perceive a task as an opportunity rather than a threat (Higgins, 1997) and to deal with issues rather than retreat (Amabile et al., 2005; Frederickson, 2001; Seo, Barrett, Bartunek, 2004). Much of the literature cited above created a foundation that intrinsic motivation is a basic ingredient for creativity, and that intrinsic motivation is hampered if the formal and rigid control in organization is simultaneously implemented. Self Efficacy According to Bandura (1998), perceived self-efficacy is defined as a firm belief about ones capability to give desired performance that ultimately affects their lives. Self-efficacy beliefs reveal that what people feel, think and how they can be motivated. A super leadership strategy augments to improve self-efficacy perceptions and refine regulation processes, having significant impact on individual task performance (Houghton Neck, 2006). According to Konradt, Andreßen and Ellwart (2009), self-leadership impact on individual performance was partially mediated by self-efficacy perception, while autonomy characteristics showed no significant effects. Neubert and Wu (2006) showed a strong positive effect on creativity and work role performance. Carmela, MÃ ©tier, and Weisberg, (2006) and DiLiello and Houghton (2006) have found that self-leadership is a strong predictor of innovation as perceived by coworkers and managers. DeRue and Morgeson (2007) posited that individuals with general self-efficacy attribute success to ability and failure to insufficient effort. Chen, Gully, and Eden (2004) indicated that general self-efficacy is a motivational belief or judgment about personal capabilities that influences personal action in a wide variety of situations. Self-efficacy beliefs develop over time and through experiences (Maddux, 2002). Self-efficacy refers to beliefs about personal capability to produce a desired effect by individual action (Bandura, 1997). Self-efficacy helps explain the behaviors people will engage, how long they will persist, and how much effort they will expend to reach their goals (Satterfield Davidson, 2000). People with high self-efficacy may be more likely to overcome difficulties through self-initiated change, more likely to be goal-directed and more persistent in the achievement of that goal (Maddux, 2002). Self Determination Individuals will be intrinsically motivated if the task increases their feelings of competency and self-determination (Deci 1975). Self-determination means having the freedom to be in charge of your own life, choosing where you live, who you spend time with, and what you do. It means having the resources you need to create a good life and to make responsible decisions. It also means choosing where, when, and how you get help for any problems you might have (Cook, Petersen, Jonikas, 2004). As far as self determination of employee is concerned, behavior focused strategies are about enhancing ones self perception of personal performance during task resolution, in order to adjust self behavior towards task achievement. Through self observation, self setting of goals and objectives; self reward administration; self punishment and self cueing; it maximizes behavior effectiveness and helps reducing negative issues related with the task (Houghton Neck, 2002; Manz Neck, 2004; Neck Houghton, 2006). Self Regulation Self-regulation refers to thoughts, feelings and actions that are planned and adapted to the attainment of personal goals (Zimmerman, 2000). As described by Schunk and Ertmer (2000), Self-regulated learning includes: Setting goals for learning Concentrating on instruction Using effective strategies to organize ideas Using resources effectively Monitoring performance Managing time effectively Holding positive beliefs about ones capabilities. Self-regulation can be improved through appropriate guidance, modeling of effective strategies and creating supportive and challenging contexts (Boekaerts and Corno, 2005; Perry and Vandekamp, 2000). Many of these strategies develop from early childhood well into adolescence (Boekaerts, 2006). Self regulation is a complex notion. It allows us to consider the interrelationships between key concepts such as self-efficacy and motivation within a single framework, rather than exploring these areas in isolation. Even though several theories suggest that employees draw from a broad repertoire of behavioral strategies to enhance their creative performance (e.g., Ford, 1996; Frese, 2000; Rank et al., 2004), there are only a handful of studies that have empirically investigated how employees behavioral strategies facilitate creative performance. In a study, Binnewies, Ohly, Sonnentag (2007) found that employees, who engage in effective communication, perform more creatively. Similarly, there is cumulating evidence that employees use proactive strategies such as feedback-seeking behavior and voice behavior to enhance their creative performance and/or make suggestions for change (e.g., De Stobbeleir, Ashford, Buyens, 2008; Van Dyne Le Pine, 1998). Such findings highlight the self-regulatory potential of employees in the creative process. We expect different proactive strategies to be crucial in the different phases of the creative process. For example, it may be that factors such as communication and feedback-seeking behavior are critical for idea generation, as feedback from other people with relevant knowledge and experience might help to improve and refine the initial idea the creative person came up with. Similarly, one could expect that proactively targeting people in the organization will be related to successful idea promotion. Existing contacts with people from top management might be used to speed up the process of acquiring resources and spreading the word in the organization might help to acquire the political power needed. Idea Generation and Creative Potential Idea generation to be one coherent phase of the creative process (Kanter, 1988; West Farr, 1989). Zhou (2008) substantiated the interpersonal character of idea generation as highlighted in recent literature on creativity. Furthermore, the creation of ideas instigates the interaction between the individual and its social environment. For idea generation, the broader (organizational) context needs to stimulate interpersonal contacts as much as possible. An open, helpful, somewhat informal culture, in which people can easily call on others, facilitates formal and informal social connections and idea generation. Creative Culture Everybody has a role to play as citizens and consumers, culture and creativity, at the same time, help deliver new, more sustainable ways of living and working. Creative people can assist in exploring and presenting a different world, if and only if, their skills and expertises are properly exploited and recognized as one of the major means of transformation. In todays era of rapid globalization characterized by enormous economic, social and environmental challenges, the development of a genuinely creative culture should play a part to deal with such type of challenges. So, it can rightly be said that the culture that we create, will determine our fate. As matter of fact, organizational culture has been acknowledged as an important precursor of creativity. A creative organizational culture necessitates to focus on quality, communication, work groups, cross-departmental collaboration and visible support for change and innovation (Kanter, 1988; Pillinger West, 1995). It pertinent to mention that the impact of organizational culture on the different phases of the creative process has not yet been empirically investigated. It can be assumed, however, that organizational culture with its strapping influence upon all processes in the organization (Cameron Quinn, 2005; Ekvall, 1996; Sharman Johnson, 1997) is crucial and vital during the entire creative process. THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A hypothesized model of the relationships between super leadership and idea generation and creative potential is shown in Figure 1. Research hypotheses for each of the relationships will be developed. The new hypothesized model suggests that a strong basis to build work environments that support of idea generation and creativity at the individual, group and organizational levels by practicing super leadership among the members of organizations. Theorists like (Manz and Sims, 2001) have suggested a relationship between super leadership and creativity. Based on the prior research done, a hypothesized relationship that can clearly be plotted between creativity and self-leadership is given as below: Figure 1 Research Questions/Hypotheses The research questions in this case are presented as follows: What is the relationship between super leadership and creativity potential? How super leadership provoke an employee to perform at its best level? Because a strong super leader is predicted to be a self-motivated, self-determined, self-regulated, having a broad sense of self-efficacy, the hypothetical theoretical model proposes the following relationship in terms of hypotheses as presented below: H1: High level of Intrinsic Motivation leads to super leadership behavior among employees. H2: High level of Self-Determination leads super leadership behavior among employees. H3: High level of Self-Efficacy leads to super leadership behavior among employees. H4: High level of Self-Regulation leads to super leadership behavior among employees. H5: Demographics Characteristics of employees serves as moderating variables that augments super leadership behavior among employees. H6: Super leadership behavior greatly gives rise to idea generation and creative potential of employees. H7: Idea generation and creative potential among employees stimulate and invigorate creative culture within organizational settings. METHODOLOGY The research will be approached based on an interpretivism view. Interpretivism is the necessary research philosophy for this study because it allows the search, of the details of the situation, to understand the reality or perhaps a reality working behind them. The study will be exploratory in nature because it aims to determine the present facts as well as facts that are not yet explored about the phenomenon. Exploratory research will enable the study to look at the problem in both descriptive and exploratory manner. It will look into the problem by exploring the views of different sets of respondents, as well as by exploring different literatures related with the study. This paper analyzes potential factors of super-leadership and creative culture were analyzed using LISREL 8.8 and SPSS 14.0 softwares. The study is comprised of testing certain hypotheses and overall proposed model analysis using Structure equation modeling technique. Data and Sample As the Electronic Media especially TV Channels are directly related and linked to idea generation and creativity, which leads to creativity in such organizations/firms, a representative sample from Electronic Media especially TV Channels in Pakistan, has been selected based on random sampling basis from a list of TV Channels available on web. A total of 200 respondents have been targeted as a sample for this study from different TV Channels functioning within and outside Pakistan. Measure/Instrument Development Questionnaire has been developed by the researcher for this study to be used as the survey instrument. The questionnaire developed was divided into two main parts, the first part being demographic profile of an employee such as Age, Gender, Experience, Job Position, Organizational size etc and the second part was based on super-leadership and creative culture dimensions/characteristics. The various items on Super-leadership dimensions include certain factors such as intrinsic motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy and self-regulation. The items are adapted from various creativity studies. Moreover, items for idea generation and creative potential and creative culture were developed from few creativity-based studies such as Eisenberger and Aselage (2008), Eisenberger Rhoades (2001) and McNeely Meglino (1994). Moreover, all the measure have been developed and pre-tested for its reliability and validity through face and content validity by the group field experts and professionals. Also, standard statistical test used for questionnaire reliability testing. The responses for 49 items scale, after pilot testing, were calculated on five points Likert-type scale, which ranges from 1-5 i.e. Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree. By using different scales developed by the researcher for demographic profile of an employee, which has different ranges between two-points (e.g. gender) to five points (Likert Scale), the data from respondents was collected in five weeks. Reliability and Validity of Instrument The reliability and validity analysis for the scale measures used in empirical research is of prime importance due to several reasons. This ensures the results and finding and its predictive power which means a clear prediction about the proposed hypotheses (Flynn et al., 1994). Similarly, Nunnally and Bernstein (1994) suggested that for testing unidimensionality of data, to check internal consistency and reliability of items used in the measures, Cronbachs alpha statistics is basic tool to calculate and generally, its value should be above the acceptable threshold of 0.70. Moreover, George et al. (2000) explained that Cronbachs alpha is the basic criterion for reliability issue of scales being utilized. Foregoing in view, the items of scale in each construct as mentioned below were tested using coefficient alpha value for each construct as exhibited in Table 1. Table 01: Reliability Statistics Constructs Cronbachs Alpha 1 Intrinsic Motivation Items .81 2 Self-Determination Items .76 3 Self-Regulation Items .83 4 Self-Esteem Items .88 5 Idea Generation and Creativity Items .84 6 Creativity Culture Items .82 As a mater of fact, the Cronbachs Alpha values for measure items used in this study are ranging from 0.76 to 0.88 as shown in Table 01, which exhibits reliability of measures developed. This totally in line with argument of Bagozzi and Yi (1988) that combined reliabilities measures of constructs used in particular study must exceed the 0.70 only then results can be relied. Besides, in order to check potential multicollinearity issue in the data to confirm discriminant validity of construct used, the correlations of possible related constructs were also computed. This recommended by Hair et al. (1998) by arguing that no single pair of measures should have correlations among them more than the criterion i.e. 0.9 and above. So, the computed values exhibited below portray that multicollinearity in the data construct is not reported among the study constructs that we used. The correlations values are shown in Table 02 given as follows:- Table 02: Correlations LC RATP TR EV MOS Interest Gender Education LC 1 RA TP -0.1473 1 TR EV 0.0508 0.1421 1 MOS 0.1212 0.1749 0.6144 1 Interest 0.0338 -0.0329 0.0650 0.1890 1 Gender 0.2258 0.0596 -0.0507 -0.0859 -0.0105 1 Education 0.1245 -0.0503 0.1232 0.0408 -0.0183 0.0285 1 Idea generation -0.0661 0.2992 0.5910 0.6554 0.0561 -0.0334 0.0102 As a result of the various tests performed to check the unidimensionality of data, its reliability and discriminant validity confirm internal as well as external validity of the instrument used for data collection. Procedure Survey questionnaire, interview and observation will be used in order to gather primary data from the respondents. Surveys are the most common form of research method for collection of primary data (Commonwealth of Learning, 2000). A questionnaire was used for collecting data from employees of Leading TV channels. An attempt was made to increase the likelihood of obtaining the true score on need for autonomy, general self-efficacy, and self-leadership strategies rather than scores with systematic error by reducing evaluation apprehension (Donaldson Grant-Vallone, 2002; Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, Podsakoff, 2003). Respondents were assured of anonymity, and they were informed that there was no right or wrong answers (Podsakoff et al.). The questionnaires were administered in a group setting at the start of class sessions and respondents took approximately 15 minutes to complete the survey. By following sampling technique of random sample, a questionnaire with closed-ended statements was administered initially to HR Manager of the TV channels via email and a web link, where questionnaire was online available, was forwarded to them for giving responses from potential respondents. Initially, the response rate was very low i.e. 10 % of potential 200 respondents. So, in order to expedite the data collection process, the HR, marketing and creative department were contacted via phone so that to get an appointment for self administered survey. Self-report information was also gathered from respondents regarding gender, age, and tenure. In order to address issues of self-report bias, Podsakoff and Organ (1986) suggested that researchers may reorder the items on the questionnaire so the criterion variable follows the independent variables. This scale reordering procedure was intentional as an attempt to reduce self-report bias, because all the variables in the study were obtained from the same respondents using a single survey.

Reducing Corporate Spending :: essays research papers

In today’s global market the appropriate use of resources is a must-do we heard that a lot, all the time administrators say so, accountants, all the people at the top of the pyramid agrees with this idea, yet companies usually have a double Standard position when it comes to define where the fine line of frugality ends and who should obey it. On one hand we have in the production area the idea that there’s always something there is to save money it goes from temporary-work-contract to really small inventories to name two. As a supervisor of a very important company once told me â€Å"We have been working effectively in the last couple of moths yet the profits of the company aren’t as they should be but, that ain’t our fault, it’s because administrators spend a lot of money when they meet with our clients, yes, I do understand that our clients’ satisfaction is really important but, they have to find a balance because it is fair to be accused of being inefficient while we produce so much.† On the other hand there’s this huge amount of money companies (marketing employees, sales employees, administrators) spend when they try to get a very profitable contract- in the best of the cases- from a very important customer and apply all the techniques there are to satisfy customer’s expectation. One of the most popular one is taking the customer out one night to â€Å"spoil† him in order to get the contract. As business magazine Newsweek March edition reported that most of the best contracts are not usually signed in the places one would suppose they are signed (such as offices, restaurants to name two), they are signed in nightclubs, bar, places that involve a very different environment from the places they met (customer-supplier). Corona’s supplier director explains, â€Å"Our customers are use to going out, to having fun, to being out of the work environment when they have to make an important decision that is just the way it is, there’s n o way we can change it, remember that â€Å"the client is always right† they expects us to entertain, amuse them, it’s hard work but, somebody has to do it† Both sides have very good points and the success of

Brandon Berry Essay

Love is not just â€Å"I like him/her, marry each other, and then lives together. † The ancient Greeks broke down love into four types: I will attempt to distinguish the differences between these four types of love. The first type of love I am going to discuss is Eros, known as â€Å"earthly or sexual love† (2005). Eros is known as the â€Å"erotic† love, or romantic love. It is the love felt between two people that are â€Å"in love† with each other. The second kind of love is Philia, a â€Å"love of the specified thing† (2001). An easy way to remember this is to think of the word â€Å"Philadelphia†, which is known as the city of brotherly love. It is not sexual in nature. This type of love, however, can be lost due to time, distance, and something as simple as disagreement. It consists of loyalty to your friends, family, and community. Friendship is the basis of any successful relationship, whether it is marriage, a boyfriend/girlfriend, or a relationship with a co-worker. Because Philia love is mutual, it is separated from Eros. The third type of love is Storge love. This love â€Å"is demonstrated when people use expression describing something they enjoy doing or seeing† (2009). Examples of this type of love would be a love one has for work, reading, sleeping, ice cream, etc. Agape means â€Å"love† in modern day Greek. This is a â€Å"selfless love† (2009). â€Å"The Christian church identifies Christian love with agape, and includes charity, tolerance, and respect within the term. † (2009). Agape is the most spiritual type of love and is a sacrificial love in which nothing is returned. Love is an essential element to human life. â€Å"What is love? † Undoubtedly, this is a question that has been asked countless times, and answered in countless ways. I believe each person has their own individual idea about love and its nature; the power and pain, unconditional and true. References Eros. (2005). In The Macquarie Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. library. capella. edu/entry/macqdict/eros Love. (2009). In The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. library. capella. edu/entry/heliconhe/love Philia (2001). In Chambers 21st Century Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. library. capella. edu/entry/chambdict/philia

How May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge

How May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge How may disagreement aid the pursuit of knowledge? The development of this answer can come with different answers having different examples to support your evaluation. However, the first thing that this paper requires is to have a concise definition of disagreement. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I define disagreement as a state of opposition or contrast between two persons, opinions, or interests. It created a contradicting opinion to what another person says while reinforcing personal beliefs and opinions regarding an issue (Sethi and Muhamet 57-95). However, many regards of disagreement focuses on it to be negative in relation to the experiences of our world because it may contribute to wars or political issues. The global population as a should perhaps think disagreement as a positive aspect because from the start of the human population, the world has incredibly modernized thanks to disagreement between people or ideas, which brought more concise thoughts that then led to more global knowledge. It means that people need to have some degree of disagreement for them to develop a capacity of reaching consensus on issues that are capable of contributing to positive worth. In fact, we can arrive to the conclusion that nothing would have improved in our world if humans agreed on everything since the start. Disagreement occurs when presenting two or more options. Having different ideas will then lead to choosing one of them, and to choose one of them we need to have a sort of conclusion that may be achieved by having a more detailed reasoning and also having a reasoning to explain why the other options are wrong. Disagreements only mean that there is another approach to an issue other than what the other party considers and that leaves room for negotiation to reach an agreement. However, it is never possible t o reach agreements on all occasions of disagreement but people can always make compromise if peace should prevail. I planned to have examples on women that would still be discriminated by men, Africans that would still be in chains, and the discovery of the continents like America or Australia. For the scientific part, instead, I wanted to talk in economy about new classical view and Keynesian view, and for sciences, I do not have any ideas the only thing that I wanted to take, as an example is something in physics.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The rights of women have been an issue for a very long time. It has taken feminists a lot of activism to have the plight of women heard so that male chauvinists relieve them from that form of oppression. Of course, this is amidst of men who maintain a superior position above women and never have the heart of considering women as p eople of any worth. The disagreement about the rights of men and women is a very simple one but it keeps producing multiple instances of disagreements as evidenced in many cultures. For example, one universal positioning of women has been in the kitchen. Many cultures though that women were not qualified for any intellectual prowess and the best place for them was to be in the kitchen, to take care of babies and to keep the home (Wojcieszak 206-225). The most ridiculous part of this was the probability of the woman’s duty as being taking care of men. However, through feminist activism, such beliefs are no longer demeaning the capabilities of women, as it emerges that women have equal intellectual capabilities just as their male counterparts. That is positive disagreement and without disagreements, women would still belong to the kitchens instead of the taking up big intellectual and professional challenges like is the case currently. Other cases of disagreements are in the s lavery of Africans there were controversial decisions to make regarding slavery and freedom. Those against slavery had to disagree with those who encouraged slavery. The disagreement was on treatment of Africans fairly while those who enslaved them felt that they did not deserve such treatment. In fact, being that Africans provided cheap labor, letting go of them was not easy not mentioning treating them in equal scales as whites (Fernandez 439-452). The discovery of the continental plates faced several disagreements as well. There were disagreements regarding the development of continents. The controversies over the formations and tectonic movements are discussed in many geological studies. Such disagreements occur because of the continued movement and arrangement of the plates leading to formations of new subduction zones. Accretionary events also produced new features such as highlands and blocked seas making it necessary for the getting explanation of such developments. Evident ly, it takes a lot of study, data collection and presentation of evidence for the resolution of such disagreements regarding tectonic history. The technology field is the most challenging and it couples a number of disagreements, which have led to positive and negative impacts. It is worth recognizing the development of software as an area that produces disagreements on grounds of the ethical back up they may present as well as their practice. One possible aspect to consider is the development of viruses, which remains an aspect of controversy since its onset (Yang and Wang 608-612).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How May Disagreement Aid the Pursuit of Knowledge? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also economics disagreements such as on the classical views of the Keynesian and the new classical views. These are examples in which economic problems viewed in either of the approaches seems to be the best form at for resolution. However, in the dropping of the old classical notions, the acceptance of the Keynesian concept brought an optimistic look into the practice and approach of economic implementation of strategic practices (Sethi and Muhamet 57-95). It was the onset of issues of transparency in sectors such as banks for the promotion of stability in markets and improvement in practice other than the former privacy, which promoted a series of lack of credibility in the economical fields. It is through fundamental disagreements on issues that economists find better ways of tackling issues of inflation in the global arena. Any feasibility constraints by the former regime must be legally tackled to create macroeconomic performance changes appropriate for the development of effective monetary policies for the reconciliation of any discords. Each side of a disagreement holds an argument they believe to be true and the other side always disagrees. Therefore, depending on a disagreement, s omething positive or negative can be the result (Woerkom and Karin 139-149). Disagreements led to discovering of continents like America or Australia and to many other discoveries holding the truths about the history of the world. There are also scientific discoveries, which resulted from initial disagreements on concepts and there it always the need for understanding the development of knowledge from disagreements. It is through disagreements that people take deeper insights onto issues. These insights form the basis of arguing points disagreed upon and developing of agreements. These maybe positive or negative, but have produced some reckonable historical, scientific and economic positives (Yang and Wang 608-612). Fernandez, A. (2012). Future(s) of American Legal History. University Of Toronto Law Journal, 62(3), 439-452. Academic Search Complete. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sethi, Rajiv, and Muhamet Yildiz. Public Disagreement. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 4.3 (2012): 57-95. EconLit with Full Text. Web. Woerkom, Marianne, and Karin Sanders. The Romance Of Learning From Disagreement. The Effect Of Cohesiveness And Disagreement On Knowledge Sharing Behavior And Individual Performance Within Teams. Journal Of Business Psychology 25.1 (2010): 139-149. Business Source Complete. Web. Wojcieszak, Magdalena. Pulling Toward Or Pulling Away: Deliberation, Disagreement, And Opinion Extremity In Political Participation. Social Science Quarterly 92.1 (2011): 206-225. EconLit with Full Text. Web. Yang, Wang, and Wang Luqian. Software Industry Cluster Be Disagreement On Theory And Practice. Engineering 2.10 (2010): 608-612. Academic Search Complete. Web.

Mikhail Gorbachevs essays

Mikhail Gorbachevs essays One of the most dramatic and revolutionary changes in Russian history is the restriction of the consumption of alcohol. Mikhail Gorbachev instituted his anti-alcohol campaign on May 16, 1985 in order to decrease alcohol consumption by Soviet citizens and instead teach them the rewards of moderation. Some such rewards were a better life at home with their families, more advancement in their jobs, and better overall health. Although Gorbachev's anti-alcohol campaign was effective in generating some positive changes, it eventually failed, causing resentment toward the leadership, worsening health issues, creating illegal alcohol production markets, and increasing the budget deficit. When Gorbachev was fifteen, he went out one day with his father and his harvesting team. The mechanics decided that it would be funny to play a joke on the young boy. They gave him a drink of pure alcohol, and told him that it was vodka. He drank it, and it utterly disgusted him. This was an important lesson to him. It made him not like alcohol, therefore making him want others to stay away from it. This could have saved his nation. Gorbachev noted, "After that experience I have never felt any pleasure in drinking vodka or spirits" (Gorbachev 37). That is important because if he had liked alcohol, there most likely never would have been any anti-alcohol campaign. "Temperance was the rule in the Gorbachev household on holidays, the men might take one shot glass of vodka or cognac in celebration, no more" (Smith 38). The Gorbachev family is an example of how alcohol should have been used in Russia. They drank in moderation, as opposed to others who drank simply to get drunk and were unable to control themselves while drinking. Gorbachev wanted others to be able to drink as they did, and he tried to set a good example in order to get his point across. However, his plans didn't work out as he had suspected. "Gorbachev saw alcoholism as an offe...

Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Canada - Essay Example The country is highly developed and has a diversified economy that has its base in plenty of natural resources and tradeship with other developed countries like the United States. The country is a member of various organizations like the United Nations and Commonwealth. The capital city is Ottawa, Ontario. Canada Day is July 1 (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009). According to the 2009 Estimates, the population of Canada is 33,873,357. The percentage of males is 49 percent and that of females is 51 percent. The median age of male is 38.6 years and that of female is 40-4 years. The birth rate is 10.28 births/1,000 population, death rate is 7.74 deaths/1,000 population, the net migration ratio is 5.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population , infant mortality rate is 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births and total fertility rate is 1.58 children born/woman (Statistics Canada, 2009). Canadians are of multiple ethnic origin, the most common being English, French, Scottish, Irish and German. Originally, the land of Canada was occupied by several Aboriginal groups. Christianity is the predominant religion with majority being Catholics (Roman and Old). The main spoken language is English which is used by 78.3 percent people, followed by French (21.7 percent). The literacy rate of the population is 99 percent in both males and females (Statistics Canada, 2009). Canada is a wealthy country. The per capita income is very high. the country is a member of the G8 and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. the market of Canada is mixed comprising of service, mining, agriculture, energy, automobiles and aeronautics,and other manufacturing sectors (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009). The unemployment rate is low. The debt status of the country is also low. The transportation system is excellent with good road and railways networks, 10 international airports and several small airports and several national and international ports (Statistics Canada, 2008). These

BECOMING AN EFFECTIVE GLOBAL LEADER Research Paper

BECOMING AN EFFECTIVE GLOBAL LEADER - Research Paper Example A total of ten questions were being asked from different level managers and administrative heads in the private service and manufacturing industries. Based on these responses analysis are being drawn. The questionnaire was oriented towards determining the individuals’ familiarity with the modern trends and concepts and also it presented questions which were aimed at finding their responses in scenarios where they may possibly be in place and making critical decisions. The essence of leadership was mutually agreed upon by each of the individual who was being asked about the questions regarding to the need of domain of leadership. Each of the reply was more or less related and coined around the fact that leader is an integral part of the organization and they serve in multiple ways towards the resolving, representing and interacting within the organization. All the questioned individuals were in consonance about the importance and need for an effective presence of leader in a given organization. The literature review part consisted of the different theories along with the concepts associated with the cross cultural context to determine the new concepts and people’s comprehension about it. The literature review part gave support to the questionnaire in a technical and official view. Literature review consisted of the actual theories that have originated over period of time along with the modern trends and concepts that are more prevalent in the current times. The questionnaire contained the part that asked about the kind of relationship and kind of leadership style which they prefer and which they feel is more suited to the need of the hour. In almost all the replies that were recorded, it was observed that all desired for a mutually inclusive and cooperative environment. Very small percentage of them supported the authoritative style of leadership. Large percentage of them supported the use of the

Marshall Fisher. What is the right supply chain for your product Assignment

Marshall Fisher. What is the right supply chain for your product - Assignment Example Fisher argues that in some instances, performance has significantly worsened as a consequence of costs rising to unprecedented levels (Fisher, 1997). Based on his ten years’ research on the topic of supply chain in different industries ranging from fashion, food and apparel to automobile, Fisher devised a framework aimed at assisting managers to settle on the best supply chain for their specific products and situations. Fisher’s article aims at assisting managers comprehend the nature of the demand of their products and services and create a supply chain, which can best suit this demand. Fisher begins by arguing that a lot of brain power and technology has been applied with the view of improving supply chains. Organizations have the capacity o acquire and retain the voices of their customers using sophisticated marketing tools. The primary aim of a successful supply is to accurately identify and respond to market demands. According to Fisher, the first and perhaps most important step in developing and effective supply chain strategy is to appreciate the nature of demand for one’s company’s products. In order to attain this objective, companies typically make use of agile manufacturing, automated warehousing and mass customization (Fisher, 1997). However, these efforts continue to prove ineffective as supply chains worsen with each passing day. A notable symptom of this problem is the notable excess of one product and the scarcity of another. This begs the questions of why firms are unable to develop the performance of their supply chains and how these problems can be tackled in an effective manner. Fisher shows that if an individual classifies products and services on the basis of their demand patterns, these products fall into two major categories: the products are either primarily innovative or functional. Each of these categories calls for a distinctly unique form of supply chain. A primary problem arises from the mismatch between the type of product category and form of supply chain utilized. Therefore, an effective supply chain must first identify the type of product through criteria such as demand unpredictability and lifecycle. Functional products fulfill basic needs and have long lifecycles and stable and predictable demand. Innovative products have short lifecycles and it is relatively difficult to predict their demand since they depend on prevailing fashion and lifestyle causing uncertain market reactions. Fisher argues that after ascertaining the type of product being supplied, a company should determine whether the company’s supply chain is responsive to the market or physically efficient before using a matrix to determine the ideal supply chain strategy (Fisher, 1997). Functional products typically need effective supply chain processes while innovative products require responsive processes. Companies dealing in functional products are presently realizing the detriments of focusing on cost re duction, which causes diminishing returns. Consequently, firms are shifting towards sustaining coordination with corporate stakeholders such as distributors and suppliers who play a pivotal role in the supply chain processes. This coordination presents growing opportunities especially in light of the development of electronic networks, which enable closer coordination. However, companies often use the cooperative and competitive strategies to their detriment since the two approaches need dramatically diverse behaviors (Fisher, 1997). On the other hand, companies dealing in innovative products seek systems that provide high levels of product availability

Physically Challenged Community in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Physically Challenged Community in the Workplace Essay A person is physically deemed physically challenged when he or she has a physical disability or impairment. This is especially true if such impairment is one that limits mobility of the person. Disability on the other hand is defined as a condition or function judged to be significantly impaired relative to the usual standard of an individual or their group. The term is often used to refer to physical impairment, sensory impairment, and intellectual impairment. Whatever physical disability one has, he or she has the same right to be treated as a normal human being. The United Nations has argued that persons with disabilities should have equal rights to education and employment. People with disabilities also have the right to own and inherit property; not be discriminated against at home or in the workplace. The 21st century workplace is a virtual jungle. Those who are physically challenged may, at first, find it difficult to cope with the extra stress of working despite their disabilities. In today’s fast-paced and hectic world, opportunities abound for those who have complete bodies and mind. However, if one is physically challenged, such as being a dwarf (too short), finding a job in this cutthroat world is a very slim possibility. If one has speech impairment, it would be difficult to land a job which main responsibility involves verbal communication. If one is to do machinist’s work, it is almost impossible to apply as a single-armed person. The point being that if one is physically challenged, finding a job that would suit your special needs requires great patience and endeavor. That is just in terms of applying for a job. How about keeping one’s job even one is physically challenged. That requires a lot of grit and determination. For one to survive such an ordeal is already a great accomplishment; and, we should congratulate such persons for their courage and bravery in withstanding the pressures of working in a hectic environment despite their disabilities. An individual who is physically challenged may find it almost impossible to survive alone in a workplace where everybody else is not. Thus, it is very much beneficial for such a physically challenged person to find a job in a workplace where there is a community full of physically challenged persons like him or her. This is because the feeling of belonging to a group gives one the motivation to succeed in every endeavor. It inspires even the most physically disabled to work very well in a company of his peers. In terms of communication, a community inside a workplace whose members all are physically challenged could even develop their own styles of communication that is specially suited to their needs. That makes them feel more confident and secure, and it has a sizable effect on their performance. There are many effective strategies adopted by people who are physically challenged to communicate with their peers. This often involves special non-verbal signals, especially in cases where there is speech impairment, or when mobility of such a person is restricted due to the loss of arms or legs. The advantage of such special communication tools is that it oftentimes enables the physically disabled workers to be more effective and efficient. A special bond of understanding develops between workers who share common disadvantages. This special bond, extends beyond misunderstanding. The only advantage that can be observed in this type of communication strategy between physically challenged persons is that other â€Å"normal† persons might think negatively of it, wrongly assuming that they are being stabbed in the back through this special type of â€Å"language† that only physically challenged persons can understand.

Global financial crisis impact on Egypt

Global financial crisis impact on Egypt The world economy is currently going through a serious financial disturbance that sparked off in the United States and has spread to Europe and the rest of the world. The crisis has already led to the collapse of powerful banks and firms as well as to recession in several countries, some consider such consequences as just the tip of the iceberg and that the worst is yet to come. This paper aims to study the current global financial crisis and its impact on Egypt. To do so, it first presents an overview of the causes and consequences of the current instability, followed by an assessment of the depth of the crisis and its implications on the Egyptian economy, the paper highlights the actions taken by the Egyptian government to cope with the effects of the crisis on the Egyptian economy. Outline Introduction Literature Review The Nature of The Financial Crisis The starting of the financial crisis Spreading of financial crisis Effect of The Crisis The effect on USA The effect on Europe The Effect on Asia The policies taken to overcome the financial crisis in different countries In USA In Europe In Asia The impact on the Egyptian economy When did the crisis started to effect the Egyptian economy and which sector started first Financial sector Balance of payment State budget The polices undertaken to overcome the financial crisis in Egypt Increase the government expenditure Decrease custom duties and tariffs Decrease taxes affecting investment Increase expenditure on public good Encourage Egyptian entrepreneurs Conclusion References Introduction: On the border of bankruptcy many giant investment banks and insurance companies around the globe are losing severely to the stock markets till there was no more liquid money available to finance business activities all due to the Financial Crisis, which is the most grave since the Great Depression in the 1930s. In 2008-2009, much of the industrialized world entered into a deep recession due to a financial crisis that had its origin in unprofessional lending practices involving the origination and distribution of mortgage debt in USA. Egypt was not far from this crisis, during the second half of 2008, the financial crises effects start to appear in the Egyptian economy in many fields. This global financial crisis led to slowdown the Egyptian economy due to the global economic recession; Economists expected a decline in the GDP growth rate during 2009, also trade will be affected badly. Due to the globalization; Egyptian stock market was affected by the decrease in price per share of the companies that participate in the Egyptian stock market, which affected the investors badly because of huge transactions of selling the shares by the foreign share holder The Egyptian economists expected a decrease GDP, which lead to problem in financing of some projects. Due to the balance of payment deficit, the Government initiated broadcast tranquility in the hearts of investors, to clarify the steps of successful growth within the economic reform program in previous years. All this factors lead to some expectations; first a sharp decrease in Egyptian exports, foreign investments, Suez Canal and Tourism revenues. The Egyptian government has taken some steps to face this crisis on the Egyptian economy, such as increasing the government expenditure by 15 billion LE, especially for financing new infrastructure projects. The Government also decreased the taxes and trade barriers to motivate local and foreign investors to invest in Egypt. But what are the causes of this crisis? And when did it really start? What actions taken to withstand this crisis? How is it going to affect developing countries? We will try to clarify these issues in a simplified manner, by concentrating on Egypt as a developing country. The global financial crisis Economists started to anticipate a vigorous financial crisis that would strike the American economy during Ronald Regan presidency, who could be known as one of the prophets and defenders of capitalism, in which he avoided using the methods proposed by the Keynesian school of thought, replacing them with Von Hayeks free market mechanism, by leaving everything to the market with minimum government intervention, and by saying everything we also include the banking sector, that had been imposed to intense forms of deregulation. (Foley, 2007) Regans regime could be considered as the early development of this financial bubble that is erupting right now, after George W. Bush has accelerated it by promising his voters that he will fulfill the American Dream of owning a house, so he gave credit unions, investment banks, and other financial institutions the absolute freedom to give out loans at high rates, these loans had various names such as credit default swaps and subprime mortgages. (Lendman) Subprime mortgages are new instruments in the financial sector that are manifested to make home ownership chances available to borrowers in the US, not following the traditional rules and regulations investment banks gave those subprime loans, that could also be known as Ninja loans, to borrowers that have; low incomes, no assets, no constant job, limited disposable incomes, and bad credit history. These subprime mortgages are not only considered risky because of the borrowers but also because they are set out on variable interest rates, which will make the monthly payments, paid by the borrowers to vary in monthly basis making it impossible for them to continue on paying their installments. (BLACKBURN) Financial institutions were giving the credit of these subprime mortgages assuming that property prices shall not stop appreciating in its value. Putting in mind that some borrowers could fail to pay, the banks believed that generally the market would be in its favor. As the prices of housing market started to cool down, leaving the banks with greatly undervalued assets, due to the rising rates of the money market. The banks that issued these subprime mortgages initially, did not actually record them on their balance sheets, instead they packaged them with prime mortgages and a spectrum of other assets, into a mortgage baked security MBS, to be traded in the market. The setback was that assets with dissimilar risk profiles were sold together and on the other hand received an AAA grading, making them appealing to global investors especially Europeans, causing the crisis to spread out internationally. (BLACKBURN) And when these subprime borrowers were no more able to repay their mortgages, the issuing institution needed to finance the foreclosure with their own money, bringing the asset back on the balance sheet. This left many banks in a financially unviable situation, in a rather short, unmanageable timeframe. And, the fact that nobody knew how much more of those MBS would return on their balance sheets, banks effectively stopped lending to each other, drying up liquidity substantially, both in the US and in Europe. (McGirr, 2008) The United States GDP decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.2% by October 2009, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre crisis rate. The average hours per work week declined to 33, the lowest level since the government began collecting the data in 1964. (Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Corporate Profits) The European Union GDP decreased by 2.1% from the years 2007 to 2008, which in 2008 the GDP reached 0.9 %, the unemployment rate has increased from 7.2% to 8.5 % in the years from 2007 to 2009, the exports have increased from 1.33 trillion to 1.95 trillion dollars, and the imports have increased from 1.46 trillion to 1.69 trillion dollars, the inflation rate have increased from 1.8% to 3% from 2006 to 2008. (book) Asias GDP decreased by 0.9% from the years 2008 to 2009, which in 2008 the GDP reached 7.6%, the unemployment rate has increased from 7.4%to 7.7%in the years from 2008 to 2009, and the exports have decreased from 49% to 35% of the GDP from the year 2007 to 2008, the imports have decreased from 40 % to 29% of the GDP from the year 2007 to 2008, the inflation rate have increased from 6% to 7.9% from the year 2007 to 2008. (Economics and Statistics) Policy responses: in USA To stabilize the financial system, more regulations from the central bank and control on banks, banks Competition should be eliminated like decrease interest rates to increase investment, decrease taxes, to increase investment and productivity and Increase government spending to increase aggregate demand, to increase production, to decrease unemployment. The Federal Reserves decreased the fed funds rates after January 1st in 2008. (Late 2000s recession) President George bush proposed to the government to purchase up to $700 billion troubled mortgage-related assets from financial firms in hopes of improving confidence. The first half of the money was used to buy preferred stick in banks instead of troubled mortgage assets. (Late 2000s recession) In January 2009, the American recovery and reinvestments act of 2009 signed by president Obama to provide a stimulus to the U.S. economy in the wake of the economic downturn.(Late 2000s recession) The act includes federal tax cuts, expansion of unemployment benefits and domestic spending in education, healthcare and infrastructure. Also, tax cuts led to increase in investment and decrease in unemployment (expansionary fiscal policy).(Late 2000s recession) The Federal Reserves facilitated lending to banks by lowering the discount rate to increase liquidity in banks. (Late 2000s recession) Part of an effort to increase dollar liquidity around the world the fed coordinated with other central banks to land simultaneously financial institutions (banks) with it cannot lend directly.(Late 2000s recession) Asia-pacific policy responses On September 15th 2008, china cuts its interest rates for the first time since 2002 and Government spending plan to invest $586 billion in infrastructure and social welfare by the end of 2010. (Late 2000s recession) The increase in investment will be in housing, rural infrastructure, health and education, environment, industry, tax cuts. Therefore unemployment will decrease and economic growth will increase and GDP will increase ( as its exports to Europe and USA decrease) so china decrease its interest rates to increase investment , to increase aggregate demand (Late 2000s recession) Indonesia reduced its discounts rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds for the central bank, on the other hand the reserve bank of Australia injected $1.5 billion dollars into the banking system, meanwhile the reserve bank of India injected almost 1.3 billion, and bank of Japan pumped $29.3 billion in the financial system on the 16th of September 2008. (Late 2000s recession) European policy responses: From September, the European commission proposed a 200 billion Euros stimulus plan to be implemented at the European level by the countries and each country got its plan to increase money supply and liquidity. (Late 2000s recession) The impact of the global financial crisis on the Egyptian economy During the last two decades Egypt has implemented an economic reform program (ERSAP); this program targets to stabilize the Egyptian economy and achieving a high gross rate. The implementation of this program increased the gross rate to reach 5.9% in 1999/2000 compared to 1.9% in 1991/1992. (Ramadan, 2009) Effects of The reform have started to appear strongly during the last five years, where the unemployment rate falls from 11.2 % in 2004/2005 to 8.4 % in 2007/2008. Also the foreign direct investment recorded 13.2 billion dollar which represent 81% of the GDP during 2007/2008 compared to 400 million dollar in 2003/2004 which represent 0.5% of the GDP. Egypt succeeded in implementing the right policies to achieve its target where the GDP in Egypt achieved a high growth rates during the last period amounted to 6.8%, 7.1% and 7.2% during the years 2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008. (Ramadan, 2009) But during the second half of 2008, the financial crises effects started to appear in the Egyptian economy in many fields. This global financial crisis led to slowdown the Egyptian economy due to the global economic recession; Economists expected a decline in the GDP growth rate during 2009 to reach 4%. Also trade will be affected badly since 75% of Egyptian GDP is from trade divided as follows; about 32% of our exports go to the United States and 32.5% of imports come from United States and the European Union. Economists also expected a sharp decrease in foreign investment, where the two thirds of foreign investment in Egypt during the past two years were from America and Europe. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) Ministry of Economic Development expects that the net losses resulting from the crisis will be more than 4 billion dollars during 2008/2009. While the most affected sectors will be the industrial sector. Due to the decrease in demand on the products, factories will reduce their production, which reduces the purchasing power of the per capita, leading to stagnation in the market. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) Egyptian budget will be affected negatively due to several reasons during 2009. First the oil balance will decrease by one billion dollars because the oil prices fell from $ 147 per barrel to 39.5 dollars per barrel, second reason is the sharp decrease in remittances from Egyptians abroad by $ 600 million and the third reason is the decline in tourism revenues by more than 2 billion dollars, which negatively affected all economic activities associated with tourism (Construction Furniture food industries etc). (Abouhbaishe, 2008) The impact of financial crisis on the Egyptian banking system is limited for several reasons; The integration of the Egyptian financial sector in the global financial system is still limited and the Egyptian banking system did not strongly integrated into the global system. Also the central bank adopted the Egyptian plan for reforming the banking system during the period 2004-2008, which encouraged mergers to create strong banking entities. The controls established by the central bank of Egypt for crediting and lending value to ensure liquidity. Also the Banks investments in securities and in mortgage finance were limited, by a percentage not exceeding 5% of the total loan portfolio of the bank. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) The Egyptian government has taken some steps to face this crisis on the Egyptian economy, such as increasing the government expenditure by 15 billion LE, especially for financing new infrastructure projects. The Government also decreased the taxes and trade barriers to motivate local and foreign investors to invest in Egypt. The central bank adopted some polices, which is strengthening of bank supervision, restructuring, and a cleanup of nonperforming loans to protect the financial system in Egypt. Although actions taken by the government to absorb the crises did not show any results, but this was the best way to take for a small developing country like Egypt. Finally Egypt still has some big economic problems that will continue to suffer from in the next several years. (Ramadan, 2009)